Igice cyacu gikurikira kiribanda ku buryo u Bufaransa bwitwaye mu gihe cy’imishyikirano y’amahoro ya Arusha ndetse no ku rugamba rwo kwibohora.

Nk’uko byateganywaga n’amasezerano ya Arusha yari yashyizweho umukono hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na FPR- Inkotanyi, ibikorwa bya Noroit byarangiye mu mpera z’ukwezi k’Ukuboza 1993, ariko u Bufarana bwemerewe gushyiraho amategeko 40 ya gisirikare ariko bizwi neza ko yarengaga 40, ni ngombwa kwibuka neza ko mu gihe cy’imishyikirano iki gihugu cyashyigikiye byimazeyo amayeri yo gushaka kuburizamo imishyikirano yari yarazanywe n’agace kiyitaga AKAZU.

Ibi babikoraga kuko bibwiraga ko bazitwaza imishyikirano bagaca inyuma bakagwa gitumo ingabo za RPF- Inkotanyi bagahita barangiza intambara, naho imishyikirano kuri bo bayibonaga nko kurangiza umuhango kugirango Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ubone ko nta kibazo kandi nta na kimwe wari uzi kuri gahunda zabo.

Bijya guhumira ku mirari, Habyarimana yatangiye kutanyurwa n’ibiva mu masezerano, aho niho yahereye avuga ko amasezerano ya Arusha ari ibintu biri aho bififitse bidafite agaciro, mu mvugo yo kwishongora yavuze ko ari impapuro ziri aho gusa kandi ibirimo bidashobora kuzashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ibi yabivuze ubwo yagezaga ijambo ku baturage bo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu ari naho yavukaga.

Aho yahavugiye ijambo rikomeye cyane ahamagarira Abanyarwanda baho gufatanya mu bihe we yitaga ibya nyuma bikomeye.

N’ubwo nta kitarakozwe kugirango amasezerano ya Arusha ashyirwe mu bikorwa, Guverinoma ya Habyarimana n’akazu ke barangamijwe cyane no kwitegurira kurimbura abatutsi, ubwicanyi ndengakamere no kwica abatavuga rumwe nabo bo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na Guverinoma.

Mu kwezi kwa Mata kwaje guhinduka Maraso, mu mwaka 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana ivuye Dar Es Salaam, aho yari avuye mu nama yo kugira ngo bagerageze kumwumvisha ko agomba gushyira amasezerano ya Arusha mu bikorwa, yarashwe akimanuka ku Kibuga cy’indege i Kigali, ubwo nibwo jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yatangiye, ihanuka ry’indege ya Habyarimana riba imbarutso rityo.

Nagirango twibukiranye neza ko kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe mu birometero 3 ari ho hari inzu ya Perezida Habyarimana (Presidential Palace) kandi birazwi neza ukuntu habaga hari uburinzi bukomeye bwa abajepe (Guarde presidentiel) bafatanyije n’ingabo z’Abafaransa, ingufu z’abo basirikare nizo zakumiriye aba UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda) kugera aho indege yaguye kugira ngo bakore iperereza n’ubushakashatsi ku cyateye impanuka ; kugeza n’ubu byabaye inshoberamahanga y’ikinyejana cya 20.

Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indenge, u Bufaransa bwihutiye kohereza izindi ngabo mu Rwanda zahawe izina rya “Amaryllis” bari bafite inshingano zo gucyura no gutabara Abafaransa ndetse n’umuryango wa Habyarimana bagasiga abateguye jenoside bayishyira mu bikorwa.

Izi ngabo nta no kugira impuhwe z’abatutsi babakoreraga muri ambasade yabo cyangwa se Centre Culturel Franco-Rwanda bose babasize aho babateza interahamwe mu gihe barimo gutonesha no gutabara imbwa zabo.

Ikindi kandi, mu kwitwaza gutabara abantu babo, u Bufaransa bwazaniye ingabo za Habyarimana (FAR) n’interahamwe intwaro nyinshi nk’uko byatanzweho ubuhamya na bamwe mu ngabo zabibonye zo muri UNAMIR ; ibyo bizwi kandi na nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa guverinoma y’Abatabazi, u Bufaransa bwagumye kubagemurira intwaro muri Zaire (Congo) bashaka kubafasha kuzagaruka mu Rwanda kurangiza imigambi yabo ya jenoside.

Mu gihe u Bufaransa bwari bumaze kubona ko n’ubwo nta ko butagize ngo bufashe Guverinoma y’Abatabazi na FAR guhagarika ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi byananiranye, yahisemo kongera kohereza izindi ngabo mu Rwanda mu gikorwa cyiswe “Operation Turquoise”, mu gutabara no kubaharurira inzira ibakura mu gihugu, bakoresheje izina ryabo rikomeye bashoboye kumvisha UN ko ari Operation yo gufasha (Humanitarian Operation Turquoise), bashobora kubona amajwi 10 muri 15 y’abagize inama y’umutekano ya UN.

N’ubwo babyemerewe ariko ntibyabujije Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kubyibazaho, baje gusanga ahubwo iki gihugu cyaje kwitabarira abashuti babo no kwicisha abatutsi aho bari bihishe bizeye ko babonye ababatabara barangije babagabira interahamwe zibanza kubica urubozo mbere y’uko bashyira ku murongo interahamwe bakazijyana muri Zaire.

Reka hano tubanze twibaze impamvu yari inyuma ya Operation Turquoise nyuma y’uko Abafaransa babonaga ko ingabo za FAR zatsinzwe bidasubirwaho ariko bakanga bakaza kuzifasha cyane cyane byari ukugirango babone uko bahungisha umubare munini cyane w’abaturage kugirango bazabone uko bakora poropaganda yo kurwanya RPF- Inkotanti (Anti-RPF) yo kwerekana ko n’abaturage bari mu gihugu, badashyigikiye RPF ko abaturage bakurikiye abayobozi babo bizeye mu buhungiro.

Iki kinyoma habuzeho gato ngo cyemerwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga, gutsindwa kwa guverinoma y’Abatabazi ndetse n’ingabo z’u Bufaransa zabafashaga byajegeje u Bufaransa cyane birayibabaza bikomeye, kuko u Rwanda rwasaga n’umutima w’u Bufaransa muri Afurica, byatumye uku gutsindwa no kwakwa akarima kayo mu mutima wa Afurika babifata nk’icyaha gikomeye cyane FPR Inkotanyi yakoze mu ntambara yo kwibohora ari byo ahanini byagumye kugenda bidindiza umubano w’u Rwanda nabo.

Uburyo u Bufaransa bwitwaye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi…

Ugutsindwa kwa Guverinoma y’Abatabazi n’Ingabo zabo bafashwaga n’Abafaransa mu rwego rwa gisirikare, muri dipolomasi, politike ndetse n’ubukungu byari ugutsindwa gukomeye cyane u Bufaransa butashoboraga kwihanganira cyane cyane ko barimo kugerageza kwiyumvisha uburyo bizafatwa muri za Pre-Carre (uturima twa France mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika), ntabwo byatunguranye kubona u Bufaransa bwaragerageje guhindura Guverinoma y’abatabazi n’ingabo zatsinzwe banafashaga zari zisize zikoze jenoside mu Rwanda umutwe wa gisirikare w’iterabwoba kugira ngo bahe icyizere ubundi busitani bwabo muri Afurika ko bazisubiza u Rwanda.

Kuva icyo gihe nyine mu mwaka w’1994, Abafaransa biyemeje kurwanya Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bagerageza kuyica intege.

Mu w’1994, ubuyobozi bw’Abafaransa bwanze kwemera ku mugaragaro jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu gihe isi yose n’inama mpuzamahanga bari bayemeye bigararagara kuko bahise bashyiraho n’urukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu guhana abayiteguye bakanayishyira mu bikorwa.

Abafaransa bo bihutiye guhimba ikinyoma bavuga ko habayeho jenoside ebyiri, bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo byemerwe ; bagendeye kuri icyo kinyoma Abafaransa bari bafite intego 2 bashakaga kumvikanisha : Ko mu Rwanda nta bwoko buticiwe (no good or bad guys) ko bose ari bamwe, bashaka gusobanura ko bahisemo kugumana n’abahoze kandi bizera nk’inshuti, Guverinoma y’abatabazi. Icya kabiri kwari ugukora uburyo bwose bushoboka mu kwerekana ko Guverinoma y’ubumwe ari abanyabyaha, abicanyi, idakwiye kugirirwa icyizere na busa, ari naho haturutse ko ibiro by’iperereza by’Abafaransa byateye inkunga no gukangurira abantu kwandika ibitabo bisebya ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda.

Bimwe muri ibyo ibitabo bya Péan, Onana, Ruzibiza, Debre n’abandi, byaje kwifashishwa ndetse n’Umucamanza Bruguière nka kimwe mu bintu by’ifatizo yahereyeho mu bushakashatsi bwe yakoze ku ihanurwa ry’Indege ya Habyarimana.

Uku kutemera Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bigaragazwa nanone n’ukuntu u Bufaransa bwanze gutumira u Rwanda mu nama France-Africa Summit of Biarritz mu kwezi 11 Ugushyingo 1994 kandi u Rwanda rwari mu bihugu bya mbere byashinze uwo muryango.

Abafaransa baje kugera aho bemera Guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mu mwaka w’1995 bahita bafungura Ambasade yabo i Kigali kubera ko bibwiraga ko Guverinoma y’ubumwe yashyizweho izahita isenyuka mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu (6) gusa ; ubuyobozi bw’Abafaransa bwihutiye guha ubuhungiro no kurinda abateguye bakanashyira jenoside mu bikorwa barimo n’umugore wa Habyarimana, Agathe Kanziga n’abandi benshi bari muri Hutu- PowerOWER,mu mudedenzo bagumye gukora politike yo guhungabanya Goverinoma yu ubumwe,France iba ihindutse ijuru rya abagenocideri aho babonye ingabo yo kwikinga ubutabera.

Kuva u Bufaransa bwafungura ambasade yabo i Kigali mu w’1995 yasaga nk’aho akazi kayo kari ako gukangurira abaturage kurwanya no gushinga amashyaka arwanya ubutegetsi ndetse banakangurira abantu guhunga igihugu mu guca intege Goverinoma y’Ubumwe.

Abafaransa bagumye cyane kujya babangamira gahunda zariho za guverinoma mu kwiyubaka aho babuzaga n’indi miryango mpuzamahaga nka Banki y’Isi, Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (International Monitary Fund) , Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’i Burayi ; u Bufaransa buhita buba ubukombe mu kurwanya no gushyiraho amananiza ku mfashanyo z’amahanga ku Rwanda.

Mu nama y’abaterankunga i Geneve mu Bususwisi (1995, 1996) yari yateguwe mu rwego rwo gushakisha imfashanyo zo kwiyubaka no gusubiza abaturage mu buzima busanzwe mu Rwanda, Abafaransa nta n’urumiya batanze kandi bari bazi neza ko u Rwanda ari igihugu kivuye mu ntambara na jenoside ariko na none ni naho inshuti nyanshuti z’u Rwanda zamenyekaniye mu gihe zari zikenewe kurusha ibindi bihe byose.

Ku Muryango w’Abibumbye, u Bufaransa France bwashyize ingufu nyishi cyane mu gushaka kugerageza kugabanya ubushobozi bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriwe u Rwanda ku gihe cyo gukurikirana ibyaha byakorewe mu Rwanda ubwo bemezaga ko ari ukuva ku itariki ya 1Mutarama 1994 kugeza tariki ya 31 Ukuboza 1994 ariko hakiyongeraho no kuva 1990 kugeza 1994 bizatuma ICTR ishobora kuba yakurikirana bamwe mu Bafaransa bagize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, gusa ibyo ntacyo byatanze.

Hariho kandi amategeko adafite aho yanditse ku kanama k’umutekano w’Umuryango w’Abibumye aha u Bufaranda inshingano zo gufata ibyemezo no kuvugira akarere k’ibiyaga bigari ni ukuvuga u Rwanda, u Burundi na DRC yari Zaire.

Abafaransa rero bifashishije ubu bushobozi mu izina ry’ibiyaga bigari basohoye inyandiko n’imvugo zidafite aho zishingiye bamagana u Rwanda bavuga ko rwarenze ku burenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bajya muri Congo gucyura impunzi ku ngufu, kwiba umutungo kamere wa RDC no guteza intambara muri icyo gihugu.

U Bufaransa kandi bwakoresheje uwo mwanya ukomeye bwari bufite mu guha imbunda no gushyira ku murongo Ex-FAR ndetse n’interahamwe, ni muri icyo gihe kimwe kandi barimo gusaba akanama k’umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gufatira ibihano u Rwanda ntirubashe kugura intwaro ; icyo bashakaga kugeraho byari ugushaka guca intege ingabo z’u Rwanda zari RPF- Inkotanyi icyo gihe maze abicanyi na Guverinoma y’Abatabazi bakaba babasha gukuraho ubutegetsi bakaboneraho kurangiza ibyo basize batarangije, “Jenoside ».

Biracyakomeza…

http://www.igihe.com/spip.php?article15376

Posté par rwandanews