Brexit: U Rwanda rukwiye kugira impungenge?

Umwaka wa 2020 usobanuye byinshi ku buzima bw’u Bwongereza kuko buzivana mu Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bwinjiyemo mu 1973, ariko mu mwaka wa 2016 binyuze muri kamarampaka, abaturage bakemeza ko igihugu cyabo kigomba kuva muri uyu muryango.

Ambasaderi w’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda, Jo Lomas, avuga ko biteguye kuva muri uyu muryango ku wa 31 Mutarama, nyuma y’uko mu minsi ishize abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko bashyigikiye gahunda ya Minisitiri w’Intebe Boris Johnson yo kuvana igihugu cye muri EU.

Yagize ati “Byose bizaba byamaze kwemeranywaho mbere ya tariki 31. Tuzavamo, ubu dufite amasezerano azagenga inzibacyuho na EU, tuzakomeza kugengwa n’amategeko n’amabwiriza ya EU, tuzakomeza ubucuruzi nk’Umunyamuryango wa EU kugeza ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2020.”

“Impamvu yabyo ni uko ubu dukeneye kuganira ku masezerano azagenga imikoranira na EU mu gihe kiri imbere, bikaba ari ukugira ngo bidahita bihungabanya imikorere yari isanzwe.”

Ni igihe Minisitiri w’Intebe Boris Johnson yavuze ko kitagomba kongerwa, bivuze ko 2020 ari umwaka u Bwongereza bugomba kwemeranyamo imikoranire na EU, aho bwifuza koroherezwa mu bucuruzi butaka imisoro kandi butagena ingano ntarengwa y’ibicuruzwa bigomba kunyura hagati aho.

Yakomeje ati “Hari ibintu bikeneye kunozwa kugira ngo tugere kuri urwo rwego. Ku rundi ruhande tuzaba tunaganira n’abafatanyabikorwa bacu mu bucuruzi, hateganywa ko gahunda zisanzweho twemeje binyuze muri EU, turimo kureba uko zagumana agaciro twirinda ko ibintu byahita bihagarara. Mu buryo bw’igihe kirekire ariko hari amasezerano y’ubucuruzi duteganya hamwe n’ibihugu n’uturere hirya no hino ku Isi.”

Brexit ntizahungabanya imikoranire n’u Rwanda

Uretse umusanzu w’u Bwongereza wageraga ku Rwanda runyuze muri EU, Ambasaderi Lomas avuga ko imikoranire y’ibihugu byombi itazahungabana, ahubwo izaba myiza kurushaho mu gihe kiri imbere.

Ati “Twifuza ko u Rwanda ruzakomeza kugera ku isoko ry’u Bwongereza rutatswe imisoro kandi rutagenewe ingano runaka rutagomba kurenza (duty free, quota free), ku bwacu nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma habangamirwa ibyo u Rwabnda rwohereza mu Bwongereza cyangwa mu Burayi.”

Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’u Bwongereza rishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga (DfID), Sarah Metcalf, yavuze ko u Bwongereza bwiyemeje gukomeza kugira uruhare mu iterambere mpuzamahanga.

Ati “Hano mu Rwanda inkunga nyinshi dutanga ijya mu gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubukungu, by’umwihariko mu gihe kiri imbere ikazakomeza kujya mu bikorwa igihugu gishyize imbere nko mu guhanga imirimo, ikintu cy’ingenzi niba u Rwanda rwifuza kugera ku ntego zirimo kugabanya ubukene.”

U Bwongereza buri mu bihugu u Rwanda rwoherezamo ibicuruzwa byinshi, kuko nka raporo y’igihembwe cya gatatu cya 2019, igaragaza ko bwari ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu u Rwanda rwoherejemo ibicuruzwa byinshi bingana na 10.71 ku ijana, byinjiza miliyoni $ 13.02. Ibihugu byabuje imbere byari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Ibyo u Rwanda rwohereza muri iki gihugu byiganjemo ibikomoka ku buhinzi birimo icyayi, ikawa n’imboga n’imbuto.

Ibikorwa by’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda

U Bwongereza bwakomeje kuba umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye w’u Rwanda mu iterambere, aho turebye nko mu myaka ya hafi, mu 2011 bwemereye u Rwanda inkunga ya miliyoni £330 (yasagaga miliyari 317 Frw) mu gihe cy’imyaka ine. Ni amafaranga yari agenewe gufasha gahunda zirimo uburezi, ubuvuzi, guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage n’ubuhinzi.

Mu 2014 nabwo u Bwongereza bwemeje indi nkunga ya miliyoni £330 mu gihe cy’imyaka ine. Amasezerano aheruka ni ayo muri Nyakanga 2017, ubwo u Rwanda n’u Bwongereza byasinyanaga amasezerano y’inkunga y’imyaka ibiri, afite agaciro ka miliyoni £64 (miliyari 69 Frw) mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2017/18 na miliyoni £62 (miliyari 67 Frw) mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2018/19.

Metcalf avuga ko kugeza ubu impande zombi zirimo kuganira ku nkunga yo mu gihe kiri mbere, harebwa ibyo buri gihugu gishyize imbere n’inkunga ishoboka. Nibura kuva mu 1998 kugeza ubu, u Bwongereza bumaze gushora mu Rwanda asaga miliyari £1.2.

Kugeza ubu hari ibigo bikomeye byo mu Bwongereza byashoye akayabo mu Rwanda, birimo Unilever mu 2016 yasinyanye na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda amasezerano y’imyaka ine yo gushora miliyoni $30 (miliyari 25 Frw), mu gutunganya imirima y’icyayi n’inganda zacyo mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, mu mirenge ya Kibeho and Munini.

Hari Piran Resources Ltd mu 2015 yashoye miliyoni $22 mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, BBOX yashoye imari mu kugeza ku baturage ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’ikigo Metalysis UK giheruka gutangaza ishoramari rya miliyoni $16 (asaga miliyari 14.7 Frw) mu kubaka uruganda rutunganya gasegereti mu Bugesera.

Amaso y’u Bwongereza kuri Afurika nyuma ya Brexit

Mu gihe u Bwongereza burimo kwivana muri EU, bukomeje kongera imbaraga mu mikoranire n’ibihugu bya Afurika, nk’uburyo buzagira uruhare mu kwagura ubukungu n’ubucuruzi bw’icyo gihugu.

Ku wa Mbere tariki 20 i Londres hateganyijwe inama ikomeye yatumiwemo ibihugu bya Afurika, izareberwamo amahirwe ari mu ishoramari hagati y’impande zombi.

Amb Lomas yagize ati “Mu cyumweru gitaha Minisitiri w’Intebe azakira ibihugu 21 bya Afurika, kandi 16 bizaba bihagarariwe ku rwego rw’abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma, twishimiye ko Perezida Kagame ashobora kuzitabira kuko yabaye uwa mbere mu kwemera ubutumire, ashishikajwe no kureshya ishoramari mu Rwanda, ku buryo dutewe ishema no kumwakira.”

Yavuze ko u Bwongereza bushishikajwe no kubaka ubufatanye mu by’ishoramari, guhanga imirimo n’iterambere, iyi ikaba ari inama avuga ko izabyara inyungu ku banyafurika ariko no ku Bwongereza.

Yakomeje ati “Mu gihe turimo gusatira Brexit, turimo kugerageza kubaka ubufatanye bwa hafi mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi hamwe na Afurika, kandi turifuza gufasha ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika kongera ishoramari.”

“Ikintu gikomeye twabonye ni uko ibihugu bya Afurika byakira munsi ya 4% by’ishoramari rijya ku Isi hose, ni ibintu twifuza guhindura. Turifuza kandi ko u Bwongereza buba amahitamo y’abanyafurika mu bijyanye n’ibigo bikomeye ku Isi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga no guhanga ibishya.”

Metcalf we avuga ko aya ari amahirwe akomeye ku Rwanda nk’igihugu gushyize imbere kureshya abashoramari, hagamijwe kugabanya ubukene no guhanga imirimo.

Biteganyijwe ko ibigo bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda bizitabira iyi nama birimo inganda, ibikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ingufu zisubira, serivisi z’imari n’ibindi byahanze ibishya nka Ampersand ikora moto zikoresha amashanyarazi, bizaba bishakisha inyongera mu ishoramari ryabyo.

Ni inama byitezwe ko igomba kwemerezwamo amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, azafasha mu guhanga imirimo no kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ikazaba n’uburyo bwo kugaragaza uburyo Bwongereza bushobora gufatanya na Afurika.

Ni inama kandi ifatwa nk’ibereye igihe kuko mu gihe umugabane wa Afurika ufite urubyiruko rukomeje kwiyongera, hanakenewe nibura imirimo miliyoni 20 ikeneye guhangwa buri mwaka, na miliyari nibura $2 500 buri mwaka z’inyongera kugira ngo uyu mugabane ubashe kurandura ubukene mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Ni ibintu ngo bishoboka kubera ishoramari rifatika riherekezwa n’inkunga.

Ambasaderi w’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda Jo Lomas n’umuyobozi wa DFID, Sarah Metcalf, mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru kuri uyu wa Kane, ku biro bya ambasade ku Kacyiru