Nk’uko bigaragarira buri wese mu bageze mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda ariwo Kigali, cyane cyane ku bari bazi uwo mugi mbera ya 1994, isura yawo yarahindutse cyane. Kigali iratera imbere ku buryo butagibwaho impaka! Amazu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yarubatswe n’andi arimo arubakwa, imihanda myiza iriyongera ubutitsa, umuriro w’amashanyarazi usa n’uwageze kuri bose, n’ibindi n’ibindi. Akarusho ka Kigali, ni uko ubu ari umugi umaze kumenyekana hirya no hino ku isi nk’umugi urangwa n’isuku.
Nk’uko abahanga mu byerekeranye n’imibanire y’abantu mu migi ( Sociologie urbaine) babivuga, bimwe mu biranga umugi, muri rusange, harimo umubare munini w’abantu baba batuye ku buso buto; ni ukuvuga ko ubucucike ( densité) buba buri hejuru, abatuye umugi ahanini baba batunzwe n’ibyo bakora bitari ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, ahubwo bishingiye kuri za serivisi ( secteur tertiaire), kuba haboneka ibikorwa remezo ( infrastructures) byinshi, ugereranije n’ibindi bice by’igihugu, n’ibindi umuntu atakwirirwa arondora.
Iyo umuntu arebye imigi minini yo mu bihugu byateye imbere mu bukungu no mu majyambere, asanga nk’ibibazo by’imihanda, amazi meza, umuliro w’amashanyarazi, itumanaho ( telefoni) bisa n’aho byakemutse burundu. Nyamara na ho ukahasanga, muri rusange, ibindi biterwa n’ibura ry’amacumbi ahagije ( ndetse n’abonetse akenshi akaba ahenze cyane), imodoka nyinshi ( ku masaha amwe n’amwe zikabyiganira mu mihanda (embouteillage), hatirengagijwe n’ibibazo bya parking) n’ibindi nk’ibyo.
Kigali rero nayo iragenda iturwa cyane. Mu myaka 17 igiye gushira, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda usa n’uwakubye incuro hafi eshanu abaturage wabarirwaga muri 1994; kuko imibare itangwa ubu yemeza ko Kigali ituwe n’abantu bangana cyangwa barenze miliyoni imwe. Kimwe n’ahandi, uretse impamvu zihariye zijyanye n’amateka y’u Rwanda, abantu bakururwa n’uko mu migi, na Kigali irimo, haba habarirwa imilimo myinshi kandi inyuranye, bityo bigakurura abakozi ( uretse ko hari n’abatabona akazi, kubera impamvu zinyuranye umuntu atasesengura muri iyi nyandiko ngufi), kuba umugi ari isoko ( marché) ry’ibintu byinshi kandi binyuranye ( kuko umugi uba utuwe n’abantu benshi, ndetse baturutse mu bice binyuranye by’imibanire n’imibereho y’abantu ( icyo twakwita catégories socio-professionnelles), tutibagiwe n’uko abantu baba bashaka no kwiyorohereza ubuzima, bakoresha bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa remezo bikunze kuboneka ahanini mu migi kuruta mu byaro, hakiyongeraho n’ibyerekeranye no kwidagadura ( loisirs) nabyo bikunze kwiganza mu migi cyane kurusha ahandi!
Uko ibintu bimeze rero, kuko Kigali iboneka nk’umugi urimo gukura vuba ( kandi ugikomeza), hari byinshi mu bibazo bigenda bikemuka, ariko hari n’ibindi bitaratungana burundu, ndetse n’ibindi nyine bizakomeza kwiyongeraho, uko umubare w’abatuye, n’abagenda Kigali uzakomeza kwiyongera. Muri aka kanya ntabwo tugambiriye gusesengura birambuye ibyo byose, ariko, muri macye cyane, twagira icyo tuvuga kubyerekeye kubona amazi meza, ndetse n’ibirebana no gutwara abantu (transport) muri Kigali, muri iki gihe.
Kubyerekeye iboneka ry’amazi meza muri Kigali y’ubu, ntawe utabona ko yiyongereye ( dore ko n’umubare w’abantu wiyongereye), ariko rero hari ibice bimwe biyahorana, ibindi bikayabona gacye cyane, ku buryo bitera ingorane kubahatuye ( urugero: Kigarama / Kicukiro, n’ahandi). Igitangaza ariko, nko mu gace ka Kigarama ( kuko ariho twari dutanzeho urugero) ni uko hari abantu bacye babona amazi ya Electrogaz (Reco-Rwasco), dore ko benshi bataribagirwa iryo zina ryari rimaze igihe, bagahindukira bakayagurisha ku giciro gihanitse! Abo bireba bari bakwiye gusobanura ukuntu ibyo bishoboka, ndetse no kwihutira guca ubwo bucuruzi budahwitse ( hari n’abemeza ko ngo haba hari bamwe mu bakozi ba Reco-Rwasco baba babigiramo uruhare!).
Ni ngombwa rwose ko ikibazo cyo kubona amazi meza kandi ahagije cyakemurwa vuba ( yanaba abaye macye ntihagire uduce dusa n’utuharenganira cyane), ari muri Kigali n’ahandi, kuko nyine ngo amazi meza ari isoko ( source) y’ubuzima. Byagorana kuvuga no kugira isuku, ku mubiri, aho dutuye no kubyo dukoresha, tudafite amazi meza.
Ikindi kandi rero, ayo mazi ntatangwa ku buntu, ahubwo arishyurwa. Bikaba bivuze ko n’uwashora imari ye mu kubonera no guha abantu amazi meza tutashidikanya ko, mu gihe giciriritse cyangwa kirambye, yabibonamo inyungu ( cyane cyane ko nta gihe amazi azaba adakenewe).
Ikibazo cyo gutwara abantu muri Kigali ( cyane cyane ku masaha imilimo itangirira cyangwa irangiriraho ku munsi w’akazi) nacyo kiri mu bihangayikisha benshi. Umuntu yavuga ko mu gushaka umuti urambye kuri iki kibazo bisaba kubanza kugisesengura neza bihagije kuko uretse ubwinshi bw’imodoka zihariye z’abantu ziba zihuriye mu mihanda ku masaha amwe, ubucye bw’izitwara abantu ku buryo bwa rusange, n’ibindi, hashobora kuba hazamo n’uburyo butanoze cyane bwo gushyira izo modoka kuri gahunda ( organisation), ndetse n’ibindi.
Ibyo aribyo byose, kongera ziriya bus ziciriritse ( nka ziriya zikoreshwa na KBS, International,…) zigasimbura turiya duto ( Minibus) kandi ahenshi tumeze nk’utwacyuye igihe ( urugero: Nyamirambo-ville n’ahandi) bishobora kugabanyaho gato, byibuze by’igihe gito, ubukana bw’ikibazo ( n’ubwo bwose tutahamya ko ikibazo cyaba gikemutse burundu kandi ku buryo budasubirwaho).
Mu gusoza iyi nyandiko, twavuga ko twifuje kuvuga ku birebana n’ikura ryihuta rya Kigali, Kapitali y’u Rwanda, ndetse na bimwe mu biranga Kigali nk’umugi ( muri rusange Kigali ihuriyeho n’indi migi y’ahandi, nk’uko byemezwa n’abahanga babizobereyemo), ndetse na bimwe mu bibazo biboneka kandi bigomba cyangwa birimo gushakirwa ibisubizo ku buryo bwihutirwa cyangwa burambye.
Dr Sébastien GASANA
Sociologue
( Tél: 0782553350 / E-mail: segasana@yahoo.fr)
www.rwandaises.com
