Buri tariki ya 1 Gashyantare abanyarwanda bazirikana intwari z’igihugu. Ni umunsi abanyarwanda basubiza amaso inyuma bibuka indangaciro zaranze abakurambare bitanze.Wibutsa benshi mu banyarwanda ibyaranze amateka yabo. Ni amateka bamwe bibuka bakagira agahinda kuko babuze ababo bakundaga ariko bakishimira ko kubera ubutwari bwaranze bamwe byatumye bagira igihugu gitekanye. Ayo mateka ku bandi atuma bicuza uruhare bagize mu gusenya igihugu bakakiroha mu kaga ka jenocide yahitanye abatusti basaga million imwe. Inzego zashyizweho na leta y’u Rwanda z’intwari zirimo ibice 3. Urwego rw’imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi.
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi rugizwe n’Ingabo itazwi izina na Major General Fred Gisa Rwigema
Iri zina ry’Ingabo itazwi ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro abitanze, baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo. Iyi ngabo ihagarariye Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.
Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.
Undi uri muri uru rwego ni Major General Fred Gisa Rwigema. Yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 arasiwe Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba amaze gutangiza intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda.
Abazi uyu nyakwigendera mu buto bwe, Fred Rwigema yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye iwabo bava i Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo, yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Nkwame Nkrumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidèle Castro.
Mu wu 1974 ni bwo yiyemeje kureka amashuri ye, ajya muri Tanzaniya mu myitozo ya gisirikare na politike. Mu wi 1976, yerekeje mu gihugu cya Mozambike, ari kumwe n’abandi mu mutwe wa FRONASA bafashwa na Mwalimu Julius Nyerere ufatwa nk’intwari yabohoye igihugu cya Tanzania.Ni umwe mu basore batangije inzira yo kubohora Afrika yepfo ndeste na Uganda. Mu wa 1979 yari mu bagaba ba FRONASA mu ntambara yavanyeho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Idi Amin mu gihugu cya Uganda.
Mu wa 1981, hamwe n’abandi basore 27, barimo Abanyarwanda babiri Rwigema Fred na Paul Kagame, batangiranye na Kaguta Museveni intambara yo kurwanya igitugu cya Milton Obote wayoboraga Uganda icyo gihe.
Kuva muri 1985, Fred Rwigema yar umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba NRA, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu gihugu cya Uganda. Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye mu gisirikare cya Uganda. Yabaye Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo , Minisitiri wungirije w’Ingabo, n’Umugaba Mukuru ushinzwe imirwano.
Niho yaboneye umwanya wo gukomeza gutegura intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda. Ni umwe mu ngabo zahawe imidali y’ishimwe na presida wa Uganda kuba yaratanze umusanzu mu kurengera icyo gihugu.
Abo mu rwego rw’Imena barimo Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa, Michel Rwagasana, Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange, Niyitegeka Felicita na Agathe Uwilingiyimana
Umwami Rudahigwa yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi. Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931, Se Musinga amaze gukurwa ku ngoma.
Kuva muwi 1929, aho yagizwe umutware wa Nduga na Marangara, Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahingwa yakoze politike yo kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta Mbiligi, kugeza n’aho atuye Kirisitu Umwami ingoma z’u Rwanda i Nyanza ku munsi wa Kirisitu Umwami muwi 1946.
Hagati y’ 1950 na 1959, aho yatangiye,ariko gupfa k’umwami aguye i Bujumbura ; mu buryo butunguranye, Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage by’umwihariko abatifashije.
Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda : yashinze ikigega cyamwitiriwe , asaba abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kaanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.
Mutara wa III yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuku zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko aricyo bitaga Ibuku, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga « kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera ».
Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize nka ba Lumumba na Rwagasore.
Undi wibukwa mu rwego rw’Imena ni Michel Rwagasana yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1927.
Michel Rwagasana yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954 n’ umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.
Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri Loni.
Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite nka mwene Se wabo Gerigori Kayibanda washyigikiye politike y’irondakoko igahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda.
Indi ntwari y’imena izwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda ni Uwilingiyimana Agatha
Yavukiye i Gikore mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva kuwa 17 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bw’irondakarere n’irondakoko bwa Habyarimana.
Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi. Ntawashidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi.
Undi munyarwandakazi uzwi mu mateka y’ubutwari ni Félicité Niyitegeka
Niyitegeka Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1934. Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi. Musaza we Coloneli Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo Kigo agisijyemo ba nyagupfa. Ni byo yanze mu kabaruwa kuzuye urukundo n’ubutwari yandikiye uwo musaze we.
Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye. Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco ni cyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ingengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.
Abandi basoza iki cyiciro cy’intwari z’Imena ni Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange
Abitwa intwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo kuwa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi batera icyo kigo.Harimo abapfuye n’abatarapfuye iryo joro. Abo banyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura. Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Tariki ya mbere Gashyantare inibutsa abanyarwanda ko habayeho abana, abagore n’abagabo batanze ibyabo byose kugirango bagire igihugu, bikanabera benshi inyigisho yo gukurikiriza iyo myitwarire n’indangaciro zo guharanira icyiza.Umwihariko w’uyu mwaka ni ukurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana bato.
www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/topstory.php?id=4818
Posté par rwandanews
Faith Mbabazi
Posté par rwandanews
