Imyaka 20 irashize Perezida yeguye bwa mbere mu Rwanda: Byagenze bite?

Mu buryo butunguranye, ahagana saa sita z’amanywa kuwa Kane tariki 23 Werurwe 2000, abanyarwanda batunguwe no kumva itangazo rivuga ko uwari Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu yeguye nyuma y’imyaka itandatu ari ku butegetsi.

Mu ibaruwa nto yandikiye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko uwo munsi yagize ati “Guhera uyu munsi, kuwa 23 Werurwe, neguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda kubera impamvu zanjye bwite”.

Ni amagambo atari amenyerewe kuko bwari ubwa mbere Perezida wa Repubulika yeguye mu mateka y’u Rwanda kuva rubonye ubwigenge.

Bizimungu wari umuyoboke wa FPR Inkotanyi, yeguye hashize iminsi hari urunturuntu muri Guverinoma, ndetse Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari imaze iminsi itangije gahunda yo kugenzura Guverinoma, abaminisitiri bamwe beguzwa bashinjwa ruswa.

Umwuka ntiwari mwiza na mba haba muri Guverinoma, mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko no mu mashyaka. Intambara yari imeze nabi hagati ya Perezida Bizimungu n’abadepite, bamusaba gusinya Itegeko ribemerera kugenzura Guverinoma akabyanga kugeza ubwo itegeko baryisinyiye, batangira kweguza ba minisitiri byagera kwa Perezida akabyanga.

Uretse kunaniza Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Bizimungu yeguye ashinjwa ibindi birego birimo kunyereza imisoro no kwambura abaturage ingurane z’aho yari agiye kubaka inzu.

Imbarutso, itegeko ryo kugenzura Guverinoma

Tito Rutaremara, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu Ngishwanama rw’Inararibonye yabaye umudepite kuva mu 1994 kugeza 2000. Yabwiye IGIHE ko Bizimungu ajya kwegura n’ubundi Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari yaraye itoye imutakariza icyizere.

Yagize ati “Icya mbere ni uko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari yaraye imukuyeho, hanyuma rero ndibuka ko abatarabitoreye bari bane gusa, bemeza ko agomba kuvaho, arandika yegura.”

Mu ibaruwa ya Bizimungu, yavuze ko yeguye ku mpamvu ze bwite ariko Tito Rutaremara avuga ko byatewe n’ibibazo byari bimaze igihe, bisemburwa n’uburyo yari amaze iminsi yanze kweguza abaminisitiri bakekwagaho ruswa kandi Inteko yabyemeje.

Ibibazo byo gushwana kwa Bizimungu n’abadepite bihera mu 1996. Mu Itegeko Shingiro igihugu cyagenderagaho (ni nk’Itegeko Nshinga kuri ubu), havugwagamo ko amategeko yatowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yemezwa na Perezida.

Muri uwo mwaka, abadepite batoye itegeko ribaha ububasha bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bya Guverinoma, ku buryo bashobora gutumiza Minisitiri runaka ku bibazo bihari, batanyurwa n’ibisobanuro bakamutakariza icyizere.

Abadepite bamaze kwemeza uwo mushinga w’itegeko, bawoherereje Perezida ngo asinye itegeko risohoke mu igazeti ya Leta, arabyanga itegeko arisubiza abadepite.

Mu gitabo Rwanda Demain cy’inzobere muri Politiki, Jean Paul Kimonyo havugwamo ko iryo tegeko Bizimungu yarisubije abadepite inshuro zigera kuri eshatu, avuga ko rishobora guteza amacakubiri.

Itegeko Shingiro, ryavugaga ko mu gihe Perezida yanze gusinya Itegeko ryatowe n’abadepite hagashira iminsi icumi, Perezida w’umutwe w’abadepite afite ububasha bwo kurisinya.

Icyo gihe uwari Perezida w’umutwe w’abadepite yari Nkusi Juvenal wo mu ishyaka PSD.

Rutaremara yavuze ko babwiye Nkusi ngo asinye iryo tegeko nawe akanga kurisinya, gusa ngo baza kumenya ko Perezida Bizimungu na Charles Ntakirutinka wari Perezida wa PSD aribo bacaga inyuma bakamubuza kurisinya.

Ati “Perezida w’Inteko Nkusi ntabwo yarisinye ariko tuza kumenya ko yabuzwaga na Perezida Bizimungu na Perezida wa PSD Ntakirutinka.Twamaze nk’imyaka nk’itatu dushaka ko arisinya, byanze dufata umwanzuro wo kumuvanaho ngo dushyireho undi warisinya ariko nabwo bibanza kugorana.”

Nkusi yakuwe ku mwanya wa Perezida w’umutwe w’abadepite muri Gashyantare 1997, asimbuzwa Joseph Sebarenzi.

Rutaremara avuga ko bakimara gutora Sebarenzi, bahise bamutegeka kubanza gusinya rya tegeko ribaha uburenganzo bwo kugenzura Guverinoma nubwo Perezida Bizimungu yari yanze kurisinya.

Ati “Uwo munsi twamutegetse ko abanza kurisinya, tubitwara mu igazeti ya Leta. Twatangiye kugenzura Guverinoma, haboneka abaminisitiri bagera kuri barindwi barimo na Minisitiri w’Intebe bagombaga kwegura ariko Minisitiri w’Intebe, Rwigema na Rugenera bo ntibavuyeho kuko habuze ubwiganze bubakuraho.”

Inteko Ishinga Amategeko imaze gutakariza icyizere bamwe mu bagize Guverinoma, Perezida Bizimungu hari abo yanze gukuraho barimo Patrick Mazimhaka wari Minisitiri mu biro bye.

Mu ntangiriro za Werurwe 2000, uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe Pierre Celestin Rwigema yareguye, biba ngombwa ko hajyaho Guverinoma nshya. Igitabo Rwanda Demain cya Jean Paul Kimonyo, kigaragaza ko ubwo Pierre-Célestin Rwigema yeguraga, habayeho ikindi kibazo kuri Guverinoma nshya kuko Bizimungu yifuzaga kugaruramo Mazimhaka kandi ari umwe mu bo abadepite bari bafiteho ikibazo.

Muri Mutarama 2000, ubwo Perezida Bizimungu yahuraga na Koffi Anan wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni i New York

Ubwo yarahizaga Guverinoma nshya yari iyobowe na Bernard Makuza kuwa 20 Werurwe 2000 itarimo Mazimhaka, Perezida Bizimungu yagaragaje kutishimira ibyo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari imaze iminsi ikora.

Uwo munsi, Rutaremara avuga ko yababwiye nabi cyane. Ati “Araza mu Nteko araduharabika rwose adutukira mu Nteko, ngo abantu bambaye ubusa, bameze nabi, bagendesha amaguru batariho, badafatika, murakuraho abaminisiriri? Hanyuma uwo mugoroba dutora ko avaho. Ubwo byari byatangiye mu mashyaka haba muri FPR n’ahandi, bamubaza bati urangira iki ko bavaho? Habayeho igitutu , dutoye ko avaho yandika yegura.”

Bimwe mu byatumaga yanga ko abo baminisitiri begura, harimo kuba bamwe bari inshuti ze.

Tito Rutaremara yakomeje agira ati “Yumvaga ko Inteko idafite ububasha bwo kubakuraho kuko urumva yari yaranze ko n’iryo tegeko ritorwa. Hakabamo n’abaminisitiri b’inshuti ze. Yavugaga ko hari abaminisitiri atifuza ko bavaho b’inshuti ze nka ba Mazimhaka Patrick n’ibindi.”

Uretse igitutu cy’abadepite no mu ishyaka FPR Inkotanyi Bizimungu yaturukagamo yari ku gitutu. Ishyaka ryari ririmo ibibazo kuko bamwe mu barigize bari mu myanya ya Leta bashinjwaga ruswa ndetse bikagaruka no kuri Bizimungu ubwe.

Hari ibibazo bya Politiki bisanzwe n’ibijyanye na dipolomasi ku buryo mu 1999, habaye inama nto y’ishyaka ikabera ku Mulindi, Bizimungu agahatwa ibibazo, bamwereka ko iyo mikorere idakwiriye.

Igitabo Rwanda Demain kigaragaza ko abadepite batangiye kugenzura Guverinoma, Perezida Bizimungu yatangiye gushwana n’ubuyobozi bwa FPR Inkotanyi, abushinja kumusuzuguza. Byanazamuye umwuka mubi mu ishyaka, dore ko hari bamwe bari bashyigikiye Bizimungu barimo Kayumba Nyamwasa wari Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo.

Tito Rutaremara avuga ko hari byinshi byatumye Bizimungu yegura. Ati “Iyo uri Perezida w’igihugu uba uri Perezida. Dipolomasi iba ikureba, ibintu byose biba bikureba, noneho ukagira n’urwego uhangana narwo. Kugira ngo Perezida w’igihugu asezere hari ibindi bikomeye.”

Rutaremara avuga ko kwegura kwa Bizimungu kwatumye imikoranire y’inzego yoroha, hatangizwa ibikorwa biteza imbere igihugu.

Ati “Nyuma y’aho imikoranire y’inzego yatangiye kugenda neza, ni nacyo cyatumye dutangira kubaka ibintu bitera intambwe. Byatumye tugera aho tugeze, ubundi ntitwajyaga kuhagera.”

Nubwo Perezida Bizimungu yeguye ku mpamvu ze bwite, nyuma yaje gutangaza ko yababazwaga n’uburyo abaminisitiri birukanwaga atabanje kugishwa inama.

Mu gitabo Prosecuting Heads of State cya Ellen L. Lutz hari aho yagize ati “Gushwana kwa mbere kwabaye mu 1999 ubwo abadepite ba FPR bandikiraga Visi Perezida Kagame bamusaba kwirukana abaminisitiri babiri b’abahutu batabanje kumbaza. Babashinjaga ruswa. Nahamagaye Kagame kuri telefone. Yansubije ko abo bantu badakwiriye kwihisha inyuma y’amoko ngo bakore ibyaha bumva ko batazahanwa.”

“Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri icyo kibazo cyabaye ku bandi baminisitiri batandatu b’abahutu. Nanze kubyinjiramo kugira ngo ntashinjwa gukingira ikibaba abahutu. Nahisemo gushyigikira Mazimhaka kuko we yari Umututsi. Ubwo numvaga ko bagiye kumvanaho, nafashe iya mbere ndabatanga.”

Hashize umunsi umwe Bizimungu yeguye, Inteko idasanzwe yarateranye mu badepite, ashinjwa ibirego birimo kunyereza imisoro, kwambura ubutaka abaturage b’i Masaka no kwitambika urugamba rwo guhashya ruswa.