Ukuboko k’u Bubiligi mu mitegekere y’u Rwanda rwa nyuma y’ubwigenge; Ubukoloni mu isura nshya

Tariki 1 Nyakanga 1962, ibyishimo byari byose ku barwanashyaka ba MDR Parmehutu na Aprosoma, amashyaka yahanganye cyane n’ubwami guhera mu 1957 kugeza burundutse mu 1962, u Rwanda rugahinduka Repubulika.

U Rwanda rwari mu mujyo w’ibindi bihugu byinshi by’Afurika, byahuheragamo umuyaga w’impinduka n’ubwigenge nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubukoloni, itotezwa n’isuzugurwa ry’abenegihugu.

Icyakora mu Rwanda ubwigenge busa nk’ubwatandukanye, cyane n’ubwavugwaga mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika, kuko mu gihe ahandi ubwigenge bwabaga bureba abaturage bose, mu Rwanda ho bwaje bureba igice kimwe cy’abaturage, Abahutu, bishimira ko bamaze kwirukana mu gihugu bagenzi babo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi.

Amateka agaragaza ko kandi mu gihe abandi babaga bishimira ko birukanye ubukoloni n’ibyabwo byose, mu Rwanda ho bashimaga uburyo abakoloni bafashije Abahutu kwikiza Abatutsi ndetse uwo murongo w’ubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni, ni nawo wakomeje nyuma y’ubwigenge.

Abakoloni bashyigikiye abazakomeza gukorera mu kwaha kwabo nyuma y’ubwigenge

Mu bibazo by’imvururu zatangiye mu Ugushyingo 1959 ubwo Abatutsi batwikirwaga, abari babiri inyuma ni abambari ba Parmehutu na Aprosoma ariko bashyigikiwe bikomeye n’abakoloni.

Abakoloni bakomeje kuba hafi y’igice cy’Abahutu, cyane cyane icya Kayibanda Grégoire ndetse banamuha ubufasha bwose muri gahunda ze zo guhirika ubwami kugeza ubwo ibikoresho byakoreshejwe i Gitarama tariki 28 Mutarama 1961 ubwo Parmehutu yahirikaga ubwami, byatanzwe n’abategetsi b’Ababiligi mu Rwanda.

Umunyamateka Innocent Nizeyimana yabwiye IGIHE ko no mu gihe cyo gutwikira Abatutsi, lisansi yifashishwaga yatangwaga n’abakoloni.

Yagize ati “Kwirukana Abatutsi mu 1959 byakozwe n’Ababiligi. Yego bifashishije Abahutu ariko bakubwira ko lisansi zo kujya gutwikira Abatutsi zatangirwaga kuri Teritwari, hari n’aho Guy Logiest wari Résident Spécial yivugira ubwe ko yabaga ari kugenda hejuru mu ndege akurikirana uko ibikorwa byo kwirukana Abatutsi bigenda, ngo akababazwa nuko batari biteguye bihagije ngo babe bafite lisansi ihagije yo kubatwikira ku buryo iyo baba barabyiteguye, nta Mututsi wari gusigara mu Rwanda.”

Ababiligi baricaga bagakiza mbere na nyuma y’ubwigenge

Icyerekana ko u Bubiligi bwari bugishaka kuguma mu Rwanda, nuko Guverinoma yagiyeho mu Ukwakira 1960 iyobowe na Kayibanda yari igizwe n’abaminisitiri 9 n’abanyamahanga ba Leta 12. Igitangaje muri abo banyamabanga ba Leta, umunani bari Ababiligi.

Bigaragaza urwego rw’ubwigenge u Bubiligi bwateguriraga u Rwanda kuko bwakomeje kugira ijambo rigaragara mu butegetsi bw’u Rwanda na nyuma y’ubwigenge.

Muri Gicurasi 1962, ingabo z’abakoloni zari zishinzwe kurinda u Rwanda zahinduwemo iz’u Rwanda ariko umubare munini ari uw’ababiligi ari nabo bazitegekaga. Hashinzwe ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare rya Kigali ritozwa n’Ababiligi.

Nyuma y’ibitero by’Inyenzi mu mpera ya 1963, Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu baribasiwe, cyane cyane abataravugaga rumwe n’Ubutegetsi.

Ingabo z’Ababiligi zakomeje kuba mu Rwanda na nyuma y’ubwigenge ndetse ni nazo mu 1963 zifashishijwe mu kwica Abanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe n’Ubutegetsi bo mu mashyaka ya UNAR na RADER.

Tariki 24 Ukuboza 1963, hishwe abarimo Michel Rwagasana wari umunyamabanga mukuru wa UNAR, Afrika Etienne na Ncogoza Xavier bahoze muri Guverinoma ihuriweho, Perezida wa RADER Bwanakweri Prosper, Ndazaro Lazare wayoboraga ikinyamakuru UNITé cya UNAR n’abandi.

Bishwe nta rubanza rubayeho, bicwa n’abasirikare b’Ababiligi nyuma y’uko ab’abanyarwanda banze kubikora.

Jeune Afrique yo ku wa 17 Gashyantare 1964, igaragaza ko abo banyapolitiki barashwe n’ababiligi barimo TURPIN wari Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe umutekano, PIRATE wari umuyobozi wa Polisi n’uwitwa DURIEUX.

Innocent Nizeyimana yavuze ko nyuma y’ubwigenge u Bubiligi bwakomeje kuyobora u Rwanda, dore ko n’ingabo zabwo arizo zoherezwaga cyane ku rugamba kurwanya ibitero by’Inyenzi.

Ati “None se Repubulika imaze kujyaho, Politiki yo guheza Abatutsi siyo yakomeje? Mu 1963 muri biriya bitero byabaye, kujya kurwana mu Bugesera ni Major Dubois w’Umubiligi wari uyoboye ibitero.”

No mu myaka ya za 1970 u Bubiligi bwari bukisirisimba muri politiki y’u Rwanda

Kugeza mu 1970, u Bubiligi bwari kimwe mu bihugu biha u Rwanda inkunga nyinshi haba iy’amafaranga n’ubufasha mu bya tekiniki.

Muri uwo mwaka u Bubiligi bwari bufite inzobere mu Rwanda mu nzego zitandukanye zisaga 240 n’abarimu basaga ijana. Kayibanda (iburyo), Habyarimana Juvenal n’umwe mu basirikare b’u Bubiligi

Mu ruzinduko umwami w’ u Bubiligi Baudouin n’umwamikazi Fabiola bagiriye mu Rwanda muri Nyakanga 1970, biyemeje gukuba kabiri inkunga icyo gihugu cyageneraga u Rwanda ndetse ibihugu byombi bisinyana amasezerano atandukanye y’ubufatanye.

Kuba umwami Baudouin yarasuye u Rwanda avuye muri Congo, agakomereza mu Burundi, ibihugu bahoze bakoloniza kandi hose akahamara igihe, nabyo bigaragaza uburyo u Bubiligi bwashakaga gukomeza kwiyegereza ibihugu bahoze bakoloniza.

Ibindi bihamya by’uko u Bubiligi butari bushyigikiye ubwigenge buzatuma abaturage bigobotora ubukoloni, ni uburyo muri Congo bishe Patrice Lumumba washakaga ko batanga ubwigenge bakahava, bakamusimbuza Désire Mobutu wemeye kugendera mu murongo bashaka.

Mu Rwanda Perezida Kayibanda yakomeje gukorera inyungu z’Ababiligi kugeza ubwo babonaga ko ntacyo bakimutezeho mu 1973, bashyigikira ihikwa rye ryakozwe na Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal muri coup d’etat yabaye ku munsi w’iya 5 Nyakanga 1973.

Nizeyimana asanga gukura ku butegetsi Kayibanda byari mu mugambi w’Ababiligi kuko nta nyungu bari bakimubonamo, ndetse hakaza n’imbaraga z’u Bufaransa bwashakaga ijambo mu karere.

Nubwo Habyarimana yagiye ku butegetsi avuga ko aje kugarura ituze n’amahoro, byabaye iby’akanya gato kuko yakomereje mu murongo wa Kayibanda. U Bubiligi n’u Bufaransa byabaye inshuti ze z’akadasohoka ndetse inkunga bageneraga u Rwanda zirushaho kwiyongera.

Umwami Baudouin yakoze ibishoboka byose mu guha inkunga Habyarimana yo kurwanya FPR Inkotanyi

Umwami Baudouin w’u Bubiligi yabaye inshuti ikomeye ya Habyarimana kugeza ubwo FPR Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo Kwibohora mu Ukwakira 1990, agahatira Guverinoma ye gufasha Habyarimana.

Mu gitabo « A Throne in Brussels: Britain, the Saxe-Coburgs and the Belgianisation of Europe cyanditswe na Paul Beliën », avuga ko ubwo Mobutu yatangiraga gutakarizwa icyizere mu myaka ya 1990, amaso Baudouin yayahanze Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara kandi amubonamo gukomeza isura y’u Bubiligi mu Karere.

Icyo gitabo kivuga ko ubwo Umwami Baudouin yingingaga umwe mu baminisitiri ngo batange ubufasha kuri Habyarimana ahangane na FPR Inkotanyi, hari aho yageze ararira.

Byaje kurangira Guverinoma y’u Bubiligi yemeye gutanga abasirikare basaga 500 bo gufasha ingabo za Habyarimana ku rugamba.

Mu muhango wo gushyingura umwami Baudouin muri Kanama 1993, Perezida Habyarimana yashimagije cyane nyakwigendera.

Yagize ati “Umwami Baudouin kuri twese Abanyarwanda yari ikimenyetso, akaba inkingi y’ubwigenge bwacu n’ikiraro gihuza Abanyarwanda n’Ababiligi. Ntabwo yigeze arekera aho kuduhangayikira, ntabwo tuzibagirwa uburyo yahoraga atitwayeho.”

Kuba umurongo w’u Bubiligi kandi warakomeje kubahirizwa mu Rwanda rwa nyuma y’ubwigenge, biva ku buryo biyegerezaga cyane umutegetsi wese ugiyeho. Nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Kayibanda, mu bajyanama ba Perezida Habyarimana hari harimo Dubois na Guy Logiest bagejeje Kayibanda ku butegetsi. Kayibanda yabaye inshuti y’u Bubiligi mbere y’Ubwigenge na nyuma yabwo, agakora ibiri mu nyungu zabwo Perezida Habyarimana n’Umwami Baudouin mu 1987 ubwo uwo mwami yasuraga u Rwanda Kayibanda (uwa kabiri wambaye utwumvisho) yakunze kwifashishwa n’u Bubiligi nyuma yo kumufasha kujya ku butegetsi Mu 1965, Kayibanda ari kumwe n’abanyaburayi mu nama yari yabereye i Kigali