M23 yagose Goma; ibiganiro byo kohereza Ingabo za SADC birarimbanyije: Haracura iki?

Magingo aya, M23 yazengurutse Goma, ndetse uburyo bwo kwinjira muri uyu mujyi, ni ubukoresha inzira y’ikirere, ubwato ndetse n’umuhanda wa Bukavu – Minova. Ihuriro ry’ingabo za FARDC na FDLR, zimuriye intwaro zazo mu gace ka Munigi, hanze ya Goma.

Ubu M23 ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba yafunga ikibuga cy’indege igihe icyo aricyo cyose yabishakira. Kwinjira no kwigarurira Goma, ntabwo biri muri gahunda y’uyu mutwe ahubwo gahunda ni ugushyira igitutu kuri leta ya Kinshasa ugacamo ibice iri huriro kandi ukagaragaza ubushobozi buke bwa Tshisekedi muri uru rugamba.

Kugeza ku wa Gatanu, abacanshuro bari bakirasa ku birindiro bya M23 mu bice bya Kibumba. Gusa ariko intego yabo ntiyari isobanutse, kuko barashe mu basivile, mu gihe M23 yo yari mu miserege no mu ndake yacukuye.

Uko bimeze birasa n’aho Tshisekedi ari kugenda abura uburyo, imbere n’inyuma: Imikoranire ye n’umutwe wa FDLR, indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ndetse n’abacanshuro b’abanyamahanga, nta musaruro iratanga.

Intwaro nshya Kinshasa yazanye ndetse n’abasirikare bashya baherutse kurangiza imyitozo; byose nta musaruro byatanze mu rugamba na M23. Mu bihe byashize, Kinshasa yagerageje kumvisha Monusco na FARDC gufatanya muri uru rugamba, intego ntabwo yari ukugaba ibitero kuri M23 nubwo ubutegetsi bwa Congo bwabwiraga abaturage ko bwohereje ku rugamba ingabo nyinshi zo kurwanya M23.

Aya mayeri ntabwo yigeze akora. Ubu tuvugana, Tshisekedi na bagenzi be, bari gukoresha ikarita ya nyuma bari basigaranye muri uyu mukino urimo amacenga: Tshisekedi yizeye ko ashobora kumvisha ingabo za SADC kuba zakwinjira muri uru rugamba zikarwanya Makenga na bagenzi be.

Igihe kiri kumusiga ni yo yayo. Impamvu ni uko mu Ukuboza, amatora azagena niba azaguma ku butegetsi. Yagerageje guca intege abo bahanganye, gusa bamwe muri bo bari kwirwanaho, kandi yatangiye kumva umurindi wabo.

Tshisekedi yanasezeranyije ko azakura M23 muri Congo mbere y’uko amatora agera. Mu kwirinda ikimwaro n’igisebo, ingabo z’ibihugu by’inshuti z’amahanga zishobora kumufasha muri Kivu ku buryo urugendo rwe rwa politiki rutagwa mu mazi. Ikibazo umuntu yibaza, ni: Ese azatsinda uru rugamba?

Twabajije iki kibazo ababikurikiranira hafi n’abadipolomate, ariko byaje kugaragara ko ushobora kugabanya mu bice bibiri uruhande rwabo: Igice kimwe, batekereza ko Tshisekedi yamaze kumvikana n’Abanya-Afurika y’Epfo ko bazohereza ingabo vuba aha muri Goma no mu nkengero zayo, mu gihe hari undi wavuze ko Perezida wa Congo ari mu ihurizo kuko bimwe mu bihugu bya SADC bishobora gutekereza kabiri mbere yo kohereza ingabo mu gace karimo intambara.

Turagerageza guhina muri make ibyo twabonye, ndetse n’ibitekerezo twakiriye. Turareba na M23 aho ihagaze n’imyitwarire yayo. Nyuma uraza kwifatira umwanzuro wowe ubwawe, niba kohereza ingabo za SADC bizaba ari igisubizo cy’ikibazo.

Congo yerekeje amaso ku Ngabo za SADC nk’igisubizo mu kibazo cy’umutekano muke

Uko ibintu bihagaze

Indorerezi nyinshi zemeza ko ihuriro ry’abarwanyi bafatanyije na FARDC ryasubijwe inyuma na M23 rikagera i Goma kandi ko Tshisekedi ari gusiganwa n’igihe.

Umwe mu badipolomate b’i Burayi uba i Kinshasa yagize ati “Twatunguwe n’uburyo M23 yorohewe n’ibitero byayo byo kubasubiza inyuma. Twumvaga ko ihuriro rya FARDC rifite ingufu, twumvaga ko icengezamatwara rya Patrick Muyaya ryamaze gutegura Abanye-Congo ku buryo bizera intsinzi yoroshye kubera intwaro nshya FARDC yaguze. Abasirikare bashya bambaye impuzankano nshya, bafite ibikoresho bishya, abacanshuro, n’abarwanyi bo mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro bari gufatanya mu kubohora igihugu cyabo.”

Uyu mudipolomate avuga ko ibyo byose byahinduwe ubusa mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bike n’abarwanyi ba M23 bafite ikinyabupfura kandi bashikamye ku ntego yabo.

Ati “Uyu ni umusaruro w’imyanzuro ipfuye ya hato ha hato yagiye ifatwa hashingiwe ku byifuzo gusa.”

Yakomeje agira ati “M23 yahawe igihe kinini cyo kwisuganya no gutegura uburyo bwayo bwo kugaba ibitero. Kandi ibi babikoze no ku rwego rwa politiki binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, aho bagiye babeshyuza icengezamatwara rya Kinshasa.”

Asobanura ko Tshisekedi na Muyaya batigeze babasha kugaragaza igisubizo cya nyacyo cy’imikoranire yabo n’umutwe w’iterabwoba nka FDLR. Ibyo byiyongeraho ko leta ya Congo yashumirije abaturage Monusco nyuma ikanabangisha ingabo za EAC.

Ati “Yaba Monusco n’Ingabo za EAC, bose barabibonye neza ko ari ihuriro rya FARDC ryagiye rirenga ku mabwiriza yo guhosha imirwano inshuro nyinshi. Ibi bikiyongeraho ko Kinshasa ikomeje gutakarizwa icyizere mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.”

“Ibihugu byinshi by’amahanga bibona Tshisekedi nk’ikibazo, babona ko ari guteza ibibazo ku gihugu cye no ku mahanga ashaka uburyo amabuye y’agaciro yazajya ayageraho nta nkomyi.”

Indorerezi zisa n’izamaze kubona ko Kinshasa yabashije kumvisha Afurika y’Epfo kwinjira muri iki kibazo, no kohereza ingabo nyinshi mu bikorwa byo kurwanya M23.

Abandi bo si uko babibona. Hari abatekereza ibyabaye mu 2013, ko gusubiza inyuma M23 bishobora kuyiha umwanya wo gutekereza ko yazongera ikisunganya. Ariko se birashoboka? Ibiri kubera hariya byarahinditse, Ingabo za SADC zifite ikibazo cy’ibikoresho n’amafaranga yatuma ibi bishoboka, kandi ibihugu byose ntibibona ibintu kimwe.

Abaturage ni bo bakomeje kubigenderamo kuko bari kwisanga mu buhungiro kubera umutekano muke

Amahitamo ahari n’ibigaragarira amaso

Zaba ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (MONUSCO) ndetse n’iz’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EACRF) zasabwe na Leta ya Congo kuva ku butaka bw’iki gihugu. None ubu imihanda iharuriwe Ingabo za SADC ngo zizisimbure, zinjire mu kurwanya M23 no guhatira abarwanyi bayo kujya mu kigo.

Ibiganiro birarimbanyije ngo hoherezwe Umutwe w’Ingabo za SADC zitezweho gukora neza ako kazi.

Hashingiwe ku biganiro twagiranye n’abasesenguzi batandukanye hamwe n’abadipolomate, dore incamake y’iby’ingenzi bagaragaje:

• Byaba ari ubupfapfa kwibwira ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu 2013 bwakongera gutanga umusaruro muri iki gihe: uretse kuba M23 tureba uyu munsi yariyubatse kurushaho ikaba inafite ibikoresho biruta ibya mbere; iri ku murongo mu bya politiki n’imitekerereze.

Mu 2013 basubiye inyuma kubera igitutu cy’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda ariko ubu ntibizongera. Banabonye ko Leta ya Kinshasa ndetse n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga bitigeze byubahiriza amasezerano yagombaga gutuma impunzi z’Abatutsi ziri mu Rwanda na Uganda zisubira iwabo ndetse no gushaka igisubizo cy’ingabo cyo gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe n’ibindi. Baribaza ubwabo impamvu gushyirwa mu nkambi mu gihe nta wigeze aha agaciro ibitekerezo bya M23.

Ikindi bashyize imbere ni uko mu gihe byaba bishoboka, guverinoma yagirana na bo ibiganiro bitaziguye kandi ko iyo ishobora kujugunya inyandiko z’ayo masezerano ibonye ko igihe kigeze. Muri make yatakarije icyizere ibiganiro nk’ibyo by’amahoro.

M23 kandi yakuye amasomo menshi ku makosa yakoze mu 2013; gusohoka mu Mujyi wa Goma ni rimwe muri ayo makosa.

Ikindi kintu gikomeye ni uburyo Guverinoma ya Kinshasa yahonyoye amasezerano ya EAC n’ibyemezo byafatiwe mu biganiro bya Nairobi na Luanda.

M23 yubahirije ibiyireba byose kandi Isi yose yabonye ubwirasi bwa Kinshasa bwo kutemera ibiganiro bisesuye n’inyeshyamba.

• Bizagorana kumvisha umuryango mpuzamahanga kwerekana urwego rumwe rw’ubwumvikane nk’uko wabikoze mu 2013.

Uruhare rw’u Rwanda na rwo ntirugaragara nk’uko byari bimeze mu myaka 10 ishize ariko aho ruhagaze harasobanutse, rwumva neza impamvu ya M23, kuko Abanyarwanda benshi bafitanye isano na yo, ifatwa nk’umutwe ugamije kubarinda intagondwa za FDLR.

• SADC ubwayo ntivuga rumwe hagati yayo ku kohereza ingabo muri Kivu zombi. Tanzania kugeza ubu ifite abasirikare 800 muri Monusco muri RDC. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu umugambi wa Afurika y’Epfo wo kohereza Ingabo za SADC muri Gicurasi wapfubye.

Abanya-Tanzania bazi ikibuga kandi bazi ko M23 itazareka kurwana yitabara mu birindiro byayo. Mu bitekerezo bya benshi mu bihugu nka Tanzania abantu bashobora guhindukirana za guverinoma mu gihe babona ingabo zabo zitahanye imirambo.

Angola na cyo ni igihugu kiri muri SADC. Yavuze ko ishaka kohereza ingabo zigenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa byo gutegura isubizwa mu buzima busanzwe rya M23 ariko uko bimeze 150% iyi gahunda ntizigera ibaho.

Bagomba gutekereza kabiri mbere yo kwishyira mu mwanya w’umutwe ukora ubushotoranyi ufatanyije n’abajenosideri nka FDLR. Ni cyo kimwe na Malawi. SADC niyiyemeza kurwanirira FARDC no gufatanya na FDLR, izirengera iby’iyo mikoranire.

Angola ishobora guhindanya isura yayo n’uruhare rwayo nk’umuhuza w’ingenzi muri aya makimbirane na ho Afurika y’Epfo ikibasirwa n’uburakari mu bya dipolomasi y’ibihugu bindi byinshi bya Afurika.

Uburasirazuba bwa RDC bwashegeshwe n’intambara z’imitwe y’iterabwoba ndetse nta cyizere ko zizahagarara vuba

• Afurika y’Epfo ni cyo gihugu gifite ingabo nyinshi muri SADC ariko nta nkunga ya ngombwa zifite yazifasha mu myiteguro.

Hashize imyaka 10 Ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo [SADF] zari zifite kajugujugu nyinshi kandi zikeneye gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku ntwaro nziza.

Intege nke z’izi ngabo muri iki gihe zagaragariye muri Mozambique aho zoherejwe gufasha mu kurwanya imitwe y’iterabwoba ishingiye ku mahame y’idini ya Islam. Iyo hataba ubufasha bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, iza SADF ziba zarashiriye muri Cabo Delgado. Hafi buri cyumweru mu binyamakuru byo muri Afurika y’Epfo hasohoka inkuru zivuga ko ingabo zayo nta nkunga zifite izibashisha gukomeza ibikorwa muri Mozambique.

Ugereranyije inyeshyamba zo muri Cabo Delgado, M23 ifite abarwanyi bafite umurongo ufatika kandi bafite impamvu igaragara mu kurwana kwabo kandi ifite ibikoresho bifatika. Ingabo za SADC ubwo zizabyitwaramo gute?

• Ipfundo ry’iki kiganiro ni ikibazo cy’uzashyigikira mu buryo bw’amafaranga ibikorwa bya SADC. Ndetse n’abashyigikiye ibi bikorwa baryumyeho.

Mu gihe amakimbirane yo muri Kivu zombi yiyongera ku yo muri Ukraine na Israel muri iki gihe, amahanga ashobora gushidikanya ku gushyigikira umushinga utazigera ugera ku ntsinzi.

Twumva bivugwa ko Congo izishyura ubwayo ikiguzi cy’ingenzi ariko bishobora gutuma izi ngabo zikora nk’abacanshuro nk’Imbonerakure z’i Burundi kuri ubu ziri kwifatanya na FDLR na FARDC mu kurwanya M23 nubwo izindi ngabo z’u Burundi ziri ku ruhande rw’iza EAC.

Ni ikimenyetso kandi cy’uko uyu mutwe w’ingabo zo muri Afurika y’Epfo zizatakarizwa icyizere nizidaterwa inkunga n’imiryango mpumahanga ikomeye.

• Umutwe wose w’ingabo uzigaragaza nk’ushaka kurwanya M23 uzafatwa nk’umwanzi wayo.

Ni kimwe n’ingabo z’amahanga zavuye mu murongo zikagaba ibitero kuri M23 zifatanyije na FDLR cyangwa FARDC. Ingabo z’u Burundi zishwemo benshi i Masisi na Bwiza-Tongo. Kandi benshi birengagiza ko M23 kuri ubu igenzura igice cy’ingenzi cyegereye Goma. Iri mu ntambwe nke uvuye hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege.

SADC niba idafite iki kibuga cy’indege izaba isabwa kujyana ingabo zayo i Butembo na Kavumu-Bukavu kandi ibi bizayibera umutwaro uremereye mu bijyanye no kwegeranya ibikoresho no kubona ubushobozi bw’amafaranga bwo gushyigikira ibyo bikorwa.

Imihanda iva i Bukavu na yo izaba ishobora gufungwa mu buryo bworoshye. Mu gihe SADC yakwifatanya na FDLR na FARDC ishobora gupfusha benshi kandi nta n’umwe uzaba uhari wo kubarengera mu gihe Leta ya Congo izaba ibanenga kudakora akazi kayo uko bikwiye.

• Monusco iherutse gutangaza ko yiyemeje gufasha FARDC gukumira M23 ngo itongera kwigarurira Umujyi wa Goma. M23 yo ivuga ko burya atari buno.

Birashoboka ariko ko Monusco ishaka kwifatanya na SADC mu gusubiza inyuma M23. Ishobora kuba ishaka kongera kwigaragaza neza no gusobanura impamvu yo kuguma muri iki gihugu.

Izina ryahawe ubu bufatanye ni “Springbok” nk’aho ishaka kugerageza gushimisha Abanyafurika y’Epfo. Iri ni izina ry’impongo muri Afurika y’Epfo ndetse rikaba izina ry’ikipe ya Rugby muri Afurika y’Epfo. Hanyuma Monusco izemera gufatanya n’igisirikare cyishingikirije ku mitwe y’iterabwoba nka FDLR n’abacanshuro.

Ingabo za Monusco zakomeje kurebera ibibazo by’umutekano muke muri RDC bituma ibihumbi by’abaturage bava mu byabo

Ni nde uzasobanura imikorere nk’iyo aho Loni ikorana n’imitwe nka Hamas na Wagner mu gushyira ibintu ku murongo mu gihugu?

Igereranya nk’iri rishobora kugaragara nko kurengera ariko FDLR yatangajwe ku mugaragaro nk’umutwe w’iterabwoba kandi Loni yashyizeho amategeko yerekeye ibyo gukorana n’abacanshuro.

Bivuze ko Monusco izaba yikururira ingaruka zikomeye mu gihe kiri imbere. Kandi zizarushaho gukomera mu gihe SADC izatangira gukorana n’urwo ruvange. Rero kimwe na Monusco, SADC izaba itaye umurongo nigwa muri uwo mutego.

• Aho kwemera ubusabe bwa Congo bwo kuva mu gihugu, EACRF ishobora kwiyemeza kuhaguma bigashyira iki gihugu mu bibazo by’umutekano n’ubukungu bwacyo.

Ibihugu nk’u Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda ntibikeneye kwigarurira RDC. Icyo bikeneye ni amahoro mu baturanyi kandi birashaka guteza imbere ubukungu bwabyo bidahatiwe kurebera igihe cyose imitwe yagize Kivu zombi ibirindiro byayo ikoresha igaba ibitero. Twumva ko ibiganiro biri kubera inyuma y’amarido kuri iyi ngingo. Ibihugu bimwe mu Karere biri no muri SADC kandi EAC yateye intambwe nziza yo kugena uburyo bwo guhosha intambara muri Kivu.

Abazatera inkunga undi mugambi wo kugarura amahoro bagomba kwita kuri ibi. Ubu bushobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kugaragariza Guverinoma ya Congo, ko ibihugu bituranyi bidakeneye na rimwe kwinjira muri politiki yayo idasobanutse.

Ikarita ya nyuma iganisha mu manga Tshisekedi agiye kuyikina

Ikarito y’amakarita isanzwe igira ‘jokers’ ebyiri ndetse zikoreshwa iyo umukinnyi ageze aho rukomeye ashaka kwitabara.

Gusa hari amakarita aboneka ku isoko agira ‘jokers’ eshatu ku buryo iyo imwe itakaye, hasigara igomba kuyisimbura. Aya makarita atemewe ni yo Guverinoma ya RDC icuruza ndetse ifite agera ku icumi.

Tshisekedi kuri ubu ari gukina ikarita ye ya nyuma ndetse afite icyizere cyo kuyirisha kuko ahagarikiwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga.

Abanye-Congo benshi bamuri inyuma buhumyi kuko batazi neza amateka nyakuri y’igihugu cyabo.

Intyoza mu gukoresha abandi bantu no kubacengezamo amatwara nka Patrick Muyaya, Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma ya RDC, bashobora kubahata ibitekerezo by’ibyo bashaka ko bumva kandi nta nkomyi. Ivangura n’urwango ni byo byahawe icyicaro muri Congo ndetse bizatwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo birandurwe burundu.

UBWANDITSI: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo bwite bya Adeline Umutoni & Marc Hoogsteyns. Yabanje kunyuzwa muri Kivu Press Agency mu Cyongereza, ishyirwa mu Kinyarwanda na IGIHE.

Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma ya RDC, Patrick Muyaya, yananiwe kugaragaza igisubizo cya nyacyo cy’imikoranire y’Igisirikare cya Leta, FARDC n’imitwe y’iterabwoba nka FDLR

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