Ndibuka kera amikoro ataraba menshi inama zigiteranira aho akanya kabonetse, ikibazo cya ruswa yo mu nkiko cyahuruje Perezida Paul Kagame araza asanga abacamanza aho bari bateraniye ku nzu z’Abaporoso aho bita Celtar hariya mu Kiyovu. Yaraje aricara nka rubanda rundi ubona afite amatsiko yo kumenya ibibazo byamunze imikorere y’inkiko.
Icyo gihe umwiherero wari uyobowe na Karugarama Tharcisse wari ushinzwe imikorere y’inkiko mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga.
Perezida Kagame yaje kubabwira ati “Kimwe mu bibazo nashakaga kubabaza uyu munsi mwagisubije », ati “Mwavuze ko kurya ruswa mubiterwa no guhembwa make munavuga ubusumbane bw’imishahara”.
Ati “N’ubwo bintangaje ko mutinyuka kwiyemerera ko murya ruswa mukavuga n’ikibibatera, reka mbibagaye ariko mbafashe gushaka umuti. Tuve hano tugikemuye, imishahara izongerwe mu buryo buhuje n’amikoro y’igihugu kandi n’ubwo busumbane koko buzagabanywe.”
Ibyakurikiye murabizi, Karugarama yaje gushingwa ivugurura ry’ubutabera kandi abikora neza cyane abacamanza bahabwa byose, imishahara itubutse ndetse bagenerwa imodoka nk’abandi bakozi ba Leta.
Nyuma yaho ruswa n’ubwo itacitse, yaragabanutse abayiryaga bamwe bayicikaho, abandi basigara bayirya bihishe kandi bikanga. Ndetse icyo gihe intero yari imwe ko n’iyo wayibona mu nkiko zo hasi, mu Rukiko Rukuru no mu rw’Ikirenga ntiyari ikiharangwa.
Ariko kuva hambere aha ruswa yongeye kuvuza ubuhuha ndetse mu minsi ishize byageze n’aho byongera guhagurutsa Perezida Kagame ateranya inama idasanzwe ya FPR ikibazo kiganirwaho biratinda. Muri iyo nama yaje no gusaba abashinzwe ubutabera kumufasha kwanga ko busubira aho bwahoze.
Muri iyi nyandiko nifuje gutanga ibitekerezo bimwe mu bikwiye guhindurwa kugira ngo icyizere cyavuye ku butabera buvuguruwe bwo mu 2004 kitayoyoka.
1. Mafiya ya ruswa mu nkiko
Mafiya ubundi ni ijambo ry’Igitaliyani risobanura ishyirahamwe ry’ibisuma rikoresha amayeri n’uburyo bunyuranye kugira ngo bigere ku nyungu zabyo.
Byatangiye havugwa Mafiya yo mu Butaliyani, ariko ubu hari mafia zinyuranye hirya no hino ku Isi. Nkoresheje iyi nyito nshushanya mu buryo bunakabya ariko buca amarenga y’aho ibintu byagana hatagize igikorwa ngo iyo migirire ikomwe mu nkokora.
Mu manza zimwe na zimwe habamo imikorere y’uduco dufite amayeri ahanitse ku buryo kurwanya ruswa bisaba ko habaho gushyira hamwe kw’inzego zibishinzwe. Dore ibikorwa n’uburyo bwakoreshwa mu kubirwanya.
Abantu bamwe, cyane cyane mu manza mpanabyaha nk’izo kunyereza imitungo ya Leta cyangwa imanza zirimo ikiburanwa kinini nk’amabanki n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi, ntibagishakisha avoka uzi kuburana, bashakisha avoka uzi gutanga ruswa.
Ubu bufatanye bw’abavoka n’abacamanza, ababuvugwamo uhereye ku bavoka baburana n’abavoka b’ibisambo bagenzi babo barabuzi. Barabuzi bakabujujura ariko ntibabutamaze ku mugaragaro.
Nta kindi kizabuca hatabayeho gufatanya k’ubugenzuzi bw’inkiko, inzego z’iperereza, umuvunyi n’urugaga rw’abavoka. Abavoka bagenzi babo barabazi kandi barabinuba ariko inama ngenzuzi y’urugaga rw’abavoka ntibigaho ngo ibafatire ibyemezo.
Mu zindi manza mpanabayaha habaho kumvikana k’umushinjacyaha n’umucamanza mu buryo urubanza rutegurwa rutaraburanwa, uburanira uregwa akoroherezwa akazi kose nk’umunyeshuri ukora ikizamini azi ibisubizo. Ndetse binavugwa ko imanza zimwe Leta iburanamo izitsindwa atari ukubera abacamanza ahubwo ari ukubera ubwumvikane bw’ababuranya Leta n’Uburanira Leta.
Ibi na byo birasaba ko ubugenzuzi bw’inkiko bukorana n’ubugenzuzi bwa pariki mu manza zimwe, naho mu zindi ubugenzuzi bw’Inkiko bugakorana n’Urwego rw’Intumwa za Leta.
Ikigoye muri ibi ni ukubona amakuru, niyo mpamvu uruhare rwa buri wese rukenewe ariko bihereye no ku nzego z’umutekano kuko aho ubutabera bugeramiwe umutekano uba ugerwa amajanja.
Mafiya mbi cyane ariko ni iba hagati ya ba Perezida b’inkiko n’abacamanza bamwe, aho bapangana n’abacamanza imanza zirimo agatubutse. Ikibi cy’iyi mikorere ni uko Pereza w’Urukiko ni nawe uba ushinzwe imikorere y’abacamanza ku buryo iyo yapanganye nabo kaba kabaye. Ibi na byo birasaba ko inzego z’ubuyobozi n’inzego z’umutekano z’aho inkiko zikorera – zitabangamiye ubwigenge bwabo – zajya zitanga amakuru ku bugenzuzi bw’inkiko.
Hari kandi ruswa mu bwanditsi bw’inkiko aho imanza zimwe zandikwa bigaragara ko zidakwiye kwandikwa, bigakorwa hagamijwe gutinza irangizwa ry’imanza.
Izindi ruswa zitangwa binyuze mu bakomisiyoneri biganjemo abahoze ari abagenzacyaha cyangwa abashinjacyaha baba baravuyemo ariko bazi ibyuho byose bakanamenya n’intege nke z’abacamanza n’abagenzacyaha.
2. Ubugenzuzi bw’Inkiko
Imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye za Komisiyo yari iyobowe na Karugarama mu kuvugurura inzego z’ubutabera harimo ishyirwaho ry’Ubugenzuzi bw’inkiko. Ubugenzuzi bw’Inkiko ariko nabwo busa nk’ubwavukanye ubumuga kubera impamvu zikurikira ku buryo uzavura ruswa mu nkiko agomba kubanza kuvura uru rwego.
Impamvu ya mbere ni uko Ubugenzuzi bw’inkiko kuva bugiyeho butigeze bwumva ko butandukanye n’ubucamanza kuko n’ikimenyimenyi, ababuyoboye bavuye mu nkiko na nyuma bakazisubiramo.
Uhereye ku Mugenzuzi Mukuru wa Mbere, Odette Murara yaje avuye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuyemo asubira mu Rukiko Rukuru i Rwamagana. N’abandi bakurikiye yaba Kaliwabo na Rukundakuvuga ndetse n’uriho ubu Rutazana baje bavuye mu nkiko, bazasubira mu nkiko.
Ibi bituma banga kwiteranya na bagenzi babo, bakanga kubandagaza ndetse hakaba hatabura n’abagira bati ariko se mbwirwa n’iki niba ntazava aha njya mu rukiko ayoboye?
Impamvu ya kabiri ijya gusa n’iyi ni uko abashyirwa mu bugenzuzi bw’inkiko atari ba bacamanza bafite ubuzobere kurusha abandi bazanye inararibonye, bakagombye kuvamo bajya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru. Baba ari abacamanza bakiri bato bafite imbere yabo hashobora kuzajya mu maboko y’abacamanza bagenzura mu gihe bakora imirimo yabo.
Impamvu ya gatatu ni uko urwo rwego usanga ari nk’agashami mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kagizwe n’abari munsi y’urwego abacamanza bamwe bariho, bigatuma abagenzuzi usanga bitinya imbere y’abacamanza bamwe.
Ubundi bakagombye kuba ari abacamanza b’ibigugu benda kujya mu kiruhuko cyangwa se bahamagawe bari bakirimo kugira ngo bagaragaze imikorere mibi y’inkiko kandi bakorere Raporo Inama nkuru y’ubucamanza ifate ibihano bikwiye. Mu by’ukuri iri ni ryo zingiro ry’ikibazo. Nibishyirwa mu buryo, ruswa mu bucamanza izakangarwa.
Ubugenzuzi bw’Inkiko bukwiye kuvugururwa mu buryo bukurikira:
Ababugize bakwiye kuba ari abacamanza bo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, bashyirwa ku rwego rwabo kandi bazakora uwo murimo kugeza bagiye mu zabukuru badasubiye mu nkiko kuyoborwa n’abo bagenzuye.
Gushyiramo abantu b’inyangamugayo, bashira ubwoba, banga kwiteranya kandi baranzwe no kwanga amafuti na ruswa mu gihe cyose babaye mu nkiko.
Kuruha ubwigenge busesuye.
3. Minisiteri y’Ubutabera
Iyi Minisiteri ishinzwe politiki y’ubutabera muri rusange, ntiyivanga mu mikirize y’imanza runaka hagati ya Nyiranaka na Kanaka. Ariko iyo imanza zitinda, iyo ruswa yaritse mu bucamanza, iyo inkiko zidafite ibikoresho, iyo ingengabitekerezo yageze mu nkiko; ibi bibazo byose n’ibindi byose bibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Politiki y’Ubutabera biba biyireba. Ku buryo iyo ibibonye ikareba hirya cyangwa igafunga amaso yaba itarangije inshingano zayo.
Abaturage benshi bandikira Minisitiri w’Ubutabera ibibazo byabo bamubwira akarengane kabo, abandi bamugenera kopi iyo bandikirana n’inkiko cyangwa iyo batakambira Perezida wa Repubulika n’Umuvunyi Mukuru.
Iyi Minisiteri igira n’izindi nzego imenyeramo ibibazo nk’ibi haba mu buryo ikorana n’Inama nkuru y’ubucamanza cyangwa haba mu ruhare igira mu nama z’umutekano.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko iyo ibintu byazambye impuruza itakagombye guturuka ahandi ngo itange iyi minisiteri gutabariza ubutabera.
Birayisaba guhindura imyumvire (ngira ngo ni na cyo Perezida Kagame yatsindagiraga) igatandukanya kutajya mu manza z’abantu izi n’izi no gukurikirana ireme ry’ubutabera buhabwa Abanyarwanda ndetse no kumenya ibyo Abanyarwanda batishimiye.
Birasaba ko muri iyo minisiteri habaho urwego rw’ubuyobozi ruhuza ibikorwa by’inkiko, ubushinjacyaha, ubugenzacyaha, abavoka, abahesha b’inkiko n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bose ku buryo minisitiri amenya umunsi ku wundi uko ibintu bimeze, akamenya uko umutima w’ubutabera utera kandi nawe akamenyesha Guverinoma ingamba zikenewe.
4. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga
Urukiko rw’ ikirenga ntabwo rukwiye kugarukiriza amaso ku manza zo mu Rwego rwo hejuru rushyikirizwa, ahubwo ikibazo cy’ireme ry’ibyemezo by’inkiko, isura y’ubucamanza muri rusange n’indangagaciro z’abacamanza byari bikwiye gushyirwamo ingufu mu buryo bugaragara.
Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwari rukwiye kuba ari rwo rwifashisha ubumenyi bwisumbuye rufite maze mu gusesengura imanza rukagira uburyo bwihariye rutangaza mu nyandiko zigenewe inkiko amakosa akabije yakozwe mu mikirize y’imanza hagamijwe kugira ngo abandi batazayasubira. Ibi ni ngombwa kuko bikunda kunanirana gutandukanya ubuswa na ruswa.
5. Inama Nkuru y’ubucamanza
Uru rwego ntawaruveba kuko rufata ibyemezo rushingiye kuri raporo rwashyikirijwe. Icyakora ibihano bihabwa abacamanza batatiye indangagaciro z’umwuga wabo bikwiye kuzamurwa kandi ibyemezo by’urwo rwego bigatangarizwa Abanyarwanda nk’iby’inama ya Guverinoma, bityo umucamanza wirukaniwe ruswa akaba igicibwa, ntabe yaba avoka cyangwa ngo agire ikindi yakorana na Leta.
6. Itangazamakuru
Amakuru ya ruswa zihabwa abacamanza ahera ku manza ziciye nabi mu buryo bw’urukozasoni. Birakwiye ko itangazamakuru riha umwanya abatakamba ariko rikanagiramo abatanga amakuru acukumbuye kuri ruswa ikekwa mu madosiye manini. Mu bihugu byinshi itangazamakuru ry’umwuga rigira uruhare mu gushyira hanze ruswa.
7. Urugaga rw’abavoka
Urugaga rw’abavoka rwakagombye kwivanamo ibisuma birwihishemo kandi rukajya ruca burundu avoka wagaragayeho gutanga ruswa.
Urugaga rw’abavoka kandi rwari rukwiye kujya rugaragariza inzego z’ubutabera nk’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Inama Nkuru y’Ubucamanza na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, muri raporo, yihariye amarorerwa akorwa n’abacamanza n’abagenzacyaha. Byanaba byiza nibura rimwe mu mwaka cyangwa rimwe mu myaka ibiri urwo rugaga rubonye akanya ko kugeza kuri Guverinoma ibibazo rubona mu nzego z’ubutabera.
Kurwanya ruswa mu butabera birihutirwa kuko yafashe mu cyico. Nitarwanywa mu butabera no mu zindi nzego izaharika.
Birasaba ubufatanye bw’inzego zinyuranye ariko biranasaba inkunga ya buri wese harimo bene imanza, abayobozi b’uturere inkiko ziherereyemo, inzego z’umutekano n’abavoka.
Amahirwe dufite ni uko ubushake bwo kuyirandura burava ku isonga kandi hasi nabo baratakamba, muhaguruke tuyinigire hagati aho.
Ruswa mu nkiko ituma amahame agenga ubutabera atubahirizwa kubera akarengane
Yanditswe na Kuya 13 Nyakanga 2020
