2010-2016: Ni iyihe ntambwe u Rwanda rumaze gutera?

Ni byinshi ubona iyo usubije amaso inyuma mu myaka itandatu ishize, ukitegereza urugendo rudasanzwe Abanyarwanda bamaze gukora uhereye mu 2010, ubwo Perezida Paul Kagame yarahiriraga kubayobora mu myaka irindwi.

Mu 2010, u Rwanda rwari rutuwe na miliyoni 10.8, ubu ni 11.8
Banki zavuye ku 10 ziba 17
Ubukene bukabije bwavuye kuri 24.1% mu 2010 bugera kuri 16.3% muri 2014
Nyakatsi zari 2.2% mu 2011, 2014 ziba 0.4%
Umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage mu 2010 yari $525, mu 2014 agera ku $718
Imisoro yavuye kuri miliyari 473.9 Frw igera kuri miliyari 1001.3 Frw
Abakoresha internet bavuye kuri 1.233.765 bagera kuri 3, 724,678
Abarengeje imyaka 10 bazi gusoma no kwandika bari 74.9% mu 2011 ubu ni 77.8%

Imyaka itandatu irenda kwihirika, uwa karindwi ukazikubitaho umwaka utaha Abanyarwanda basaga miliyoni 5.4 bakongera kugana ibiro by’itora ngo bihitiremo Umukuru w’Igihugu ubabereye, uzabarangaza imbere mu rugendo rw’indi myaka.

Hari byinshi Perezida Kagame yemereye Abanyarwanda mu 2010, ndetse ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko abenshi banyuzwe kuko bamusabye gukomeza kubayobora na nyuma ya 2017.

Hari ibyasezeranyijwe abaturage mu 2010 ubwo haburaga imyaka ibiri ngo hasozwe gahunda y’imbaturabukungu, EDPRS 2, n’imyaka itanu ngo hasozwe intego z’ikinyagihumbi zigamije iterambere, MDGs.

Bimwe mu byagezweho turabirebera mu ndorerwamo y’izo gahunda zose na gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi, ibimaze kugerwaho bigashingirwa kuri raporo zigenda zishyirwa ahagaragara.

1. Ubukungu

Impinduka zirahera ku bwiyongere bw’Abanyarwanda, aho mu 2010/11 bari miliyoni 10.8, muri 2016 bakaba basaga 11.8.

Uyu munsi banki ni 17 harimo 7 zavutse hagati ya 2010 na 2016. Zirimo Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd yatangiye mu Rwanda mu 2011, Unguka Bank Ltd isezera kwitwa ‘microfinance’ muri uwo mwaka, no mu 2015 havuka Bank Of Africa Rwanda Ltd yahoze ari AGASEKE Bank.

Harimo kandi ZIGAMA CSS yabaye banki mu 2011 nyuma y’imyaka 14 ari ikigo cy’imari iciriritse, AB Bank Rwanda Ltd (2013), Crane Bank Rwanda LTD (2014) na BRD Commercial Bank LTD (2015).

Ubu kandi u Rwanda rufite ibigo 14 by’ubwishingizi birimo 8 byavutse hagati ya 2010 na 2016. Ibyo birimo bine bishya na bine byagiye bivuka nyuma y’itandukanywa rya serivisi byari bisanganywe.

Byose birajyana n’izamuka ry’umutungo mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP) wavuye kuri miliyari ibihumbi 3.2 Frw mu 2010 ukagera kuri miliyari ibihumbi 5.8 mu 2015. Ugereranyije uwo mutungo n’ubushobozi ku muturage mu mwaka, mu 2010 yari amadolari ya Amerika 525, mu 2014 agera kuri 718.

Ubukene bwaragabanutse buva kuri 44.9% mu 2011 bugera kuri 39.1% mu 2014, ubukene bukabije buva kuri 24.1% bugera kuri 16.3%. Intego ya guverinoma ivuga ko 2017 izasiga Abanyarwanda bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene bari munsi ya 30%.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo Abanyarwanda bagerwaho na serivisi z’imari, FinScope Survey 2016, bwagaragaje ko 89% bagerwaho na serivisi z’imari, uyu mubare ukaba urenga 80% yari yarahigiwe mu 2017.

Imisoro yinjizwa mu isanduku ya Leta nayo yarazamutse, kuko nko mu 2010/11, u Rwanda rwinjije miliyari 473.9 Frw, mu gihe nko mu 2015/16 hinjiye miliyari 1001.3 Frw.

Umusaruro w’ubukerarugendo nawo warazamutse kuko mu 2010 bwinjije miliyoni $200, mu 2015 agera kuri $318.

Kuva 2010-2017, guverinoima y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kuzamura ishoramari ry’abanyamahanga, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI’s), ndetse umusaruro uraboneka kuko mu 2010 ryari rifite agaciro ka miliyoni $251, ubu ni miliyari $1.5.

2. Imibereho y’abaturage

Abanyarwanda bacengewe na gahunda yo kuboneza urubyaro kuko umubyeyi yavuye ku bana 6.1 yabarirwaga mu 2010, ageze kuri 4.2. Guverinoma yiyemeje ko 2017 izasiga abafite ubwisungane bw’ubuzima batajya munsi ya 95%, ubu imibare ikaba ihindagurikira ku mpuzandengo ya 90 ku ijana.

Guverinoma yateganyije ko kugeza mu 2017 ababyeyi bapfa babyara cyangwa batwite bagomba kuba munsi ya 200/100,000, abana bapfa bataruzuza umwaka bakagera munsi ya 30/1000 naho abapfa bataruzuza imyaka itanu bakagera munsi ya 50/1000.

Imibare yo muri EICV4 mu 2015 igaragaza ko abapfa bataruzuza umwaka bari 32/1000, mu gihe mu 2010 bari 50/1000; abapfa bataruzuza imyaka itanu bari 76/1000 mu 2010 bari na 50/1000 muri 2015.

Ababyeyi bapfa babyara mu 2015 bari bageze kuri 210/100,000 bavuye kuri 476/100,000 2010.

3. Ibikorwaremezo

Mu 2016 imitutirwa iraganje indi irazamurwa, imodoka zihenze ziracicikana muri Kigali n’imihanda mishya iri kubakwa, iyari ihasanzwe bikaba ngombwa ko yagurwa kuko itagishoboye guhaza abayikoresha.

Guverinoma yiyemeje ko mu gukwirakwiza amazi, mu 2017 bizaba ari 100% ku banyarwanda bose bivuye kuri 45% byariho mu 2010. EICV4 igaragaza ko mu 2011 byageze kuri 74.5% mu gihe muri 2014 byari 83.4%.

Kuva mu 2010/11, ingufu z’amashanyarazi u Rwanda rufite kimwe n’abazikoresha byariyongereye, ku buryo abakoresha amashanyarazi mu ngo bavuye ku 10.8% mu 2010 bakagera kuri 24% muri 2016.

Iri zamuka rijyana n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zabarwaga kuko zari MW 85 mu 2010 ubu zigeze kuri MW 190. Ni nyuma y’iyubakwa ry’imishinga ikomeye nka Kivu Watt ibyaza amashanyarazi Gaz Methane yo mu kiyaga cya Kivu, bitaganyijwe ko izatanga MW 150.

Mu mihanda hakozwe imishinga ikomeye irimo umuhanda Karongi- Nyamasheke w’ibirometero 66 wari warahejeje benshi mu bwigunge.

Mu 2010 hari ibilometero 14 000 by’imihanda ikoze neza mu gihe mu 2016 hari ibilometero 16008. Mu mishinga minini iri gukorwaho harimo ibirometero 77.8 by’umuhanda Kigali- Gatuna, ibilometero 124.8 bya Nyagatare-Rukomo-Base, Kagitumba-Kayonza-Rusumo (208km) na Base-Butaro-Kidaho (63km).

Umushinga wahinduye isura y’u Rwanda ni isozwa rya Kigali Convention Centre, inyubako imaze kuba ubukombe mu gihe gito kubera kwakira inama mpuzamahanga.

Iyi nyubako y’agaciro ka miliyoni 300 z’amadolari, yatangiye kubakwa mu 2009, ariko imirimo isozwa mu 2016.

Mu 2012:Grand Pansion Plazza n’inyubako ikoreramo Ecobank zari mu zigezweho muri Kigali

Imiturirwa muri Kigali iri kuzamuka ubutitsa

4. Ikoranabuhanga

Mu 2010 Abanyarwanda 3. 172.759 bari batunze telefoni zigendanwa, mu gihe uyu munsi bageze kuri 8.932. 108. Gusa uyu mubare ushobora kuba urenga kuko hari abatunze telefoni zirenze imwe.

Mu 2014 kandi nibwo u Rwanda rwatangije ikoreshwa rya internet yihuta ya 4G, ndetse rukomeje gukwirakwiza umurongo mugari wa internet hifashishijwe ‘fibres optique’, intego ikaba kuyigeza mu turere 30 tugize igihugu.

Mu 2010 abakoresha internet mu Rwanda, bari 1.233.765, kugeza muri Werurwe 2016, banganaga na 3, 724,678, bihanywe na 33% by’abaturarwanda.

5. Guhanga imirimo

Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kuzamura ubumenyi bw’abakozi muri iyi myaka irindwi izarangira muri 2017, ndetse ubushomeri bukagabanywa kugeza munsi ya 5%.

Imirimo ihangwa yariyongereye cyane kuko mu 2010 hahanzwe 47,162, mu gihe kuva mu 2011 impuzandengo y’imirimo ihangwa idashingiye ku buhinzi buri mwaka, ari 146,000. Intego yo guhanga imirimo ni 200,000 buri mwaka bitarenze 2018.

6. Uburezi

Hari byinshi byakozwe haba mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye kugeza kuri Kaminuza, aho iyari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda yahindutse Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, izisigaye za leta ziyibera amashami.

Abanyeshuri barangiza kaminuza bavuye kuri 12 701 mu 2010 bagera ku 18 628 barangije mu 2015, ndetse uruhare rw’abakobwa rukomeza kuzamurwa mu mashuri, mu byiciro byose.

EICV4 igaragaza ko hagati ya 2011 na 2014 uburezi bwateye imbere ku buryo abitabira amashuri yisumbuye bavuye kuri 17.8% bakagera kuri 23%, ndetse abakomereza mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza bikuba hafi kabiri, bava kuri 1.7% bagera kuri 3%.

Byose byazamuye umubare w’abize mu gihugu, bava kuri 74.9% mu 2011 bagera kuri 77.8% mu 2014/15. Gahunda ihari ni uko mu 2017, abantu bize bari hejuru y’imyaka icumi nibura bazaba bangana nibura na 90% by’abaturarwanda bose.

Hari ibyo raporo zavuze ku Rwanda

Raporo Global Innovation Index 2016 y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga urengera umutungo mu by’ubwenge (WIPO), yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 83 ku Isi, ariko mu byiciro 11 byitaweho mu gusuzuma uko ibihugu bihanga udushya kuva mu 2015, ruza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gukora impinduka mu bihugu bikiyubaka

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ukurikirana imitegurire y’inama ku rwego mpuzamahanga, (International Congress and Convention Association) mu 2015 washyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa karindwi muri Afurika mu kwakira no gutegura neza inama mpuzamahanga.

Gallup Global Report 2015 yo yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu umuntu ashobora kugendamo nijoro muri Afurika, n’urwa gatanu ku Isi.

Raporo ya Transparency International (TI) mu 2012-2013 igaragaza igipimo cy’uko ibihugu bihagaze mu kurwanya ruswa, u Rwanda ruza ku isonga muri Afurika no ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu 107 ku isi mu kuyihashya.

World Economic Forum mu 2015 yo yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa karindwi ku Isi mu bihugu byanogeje imiyoborere na Banki y’Isi mu 2015 irushyira ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu byorohereje abashaka gukora ishoramari.

U Rwanda kandi rwegukanye umwanya wa gatandatu ku Isi mu bihugu byaharaniye uburinganire bw’abagabo n’abagore, nk’uko byagaragajwe na raporo yakozwe na Global Gender Gap Report 2015. Ibi bihura n’uko nk’abagore bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 2010 bari 56.25%, mu 2016 bakaba bageze kuri 64%.