Kuri uyu wa Gatatu nibwo Madeleine Albright, umugore wa mbere wabaye Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yitabye Imana ku myaka 84. Yazize kanseri nk’uko umukobwa we Anne yabyemeje.
Yabaye ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu Muryango w’Abibumbye mu 1993-97 n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta ya Amerika – inshingano zisa n’iza Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga – mu 1997-2001. Hari ku bwa Perezida Bill Clinton.
Albright yavukiye mu Mujyi wa Prague mu cyari Czechoslovakia ku wa 15 Gicurasi 1937. Se yari umudipolomate, maze mu gihugu havutse intambara mu 1948 bahungira i Londres mu Bwongereza, bakomereza muri Amerika aho yageze afite imyaka 11.
Yaje kumeya ko benshi mu bagize umuryango we bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi, ku buryo ibyaberaga mu Rwanda mu 1994 yashoboraga kubyumva vuba.
Icyo gihe yari Ambasaderi wa Amerika mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, igihugu cye kikaba gifite umwanya uhoraho mu kanama gashinzwe umutekano.
Igihe cye i New York …
Kuba Amerika itarashakaga kugira icyo ikora ngo itabare u Rwanda bizwi kuva mbere ya 1994, ariko byafashe igihe kinini ngo hajye ahabona imvugo zakoreshwaga n’abategetsi bagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo.
Nyuma y’imyaka 20, muri Kamena 2014 hashyizwe ahabona inyandiko zigaragaza ubutumwa abadipolomate bandikaga, bugaragaza neza aho bari bahagaze ku byabaga mu Rwanda binyuze mu Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Ntabwo ari zose ariko.
Hari nk’ibaruwa yo ku wa 29 Nzeri 1993, yanditswe na Richard Clarke wari mu bagize Inama y’Igihugu y’Umutekano (NSC), wavuze ko « u Rwanda rushobora kuba urugero NSC itegereje kugira ngo igaragaze ko Amerika ishobora kuvuga « Oya » ku butumwa bushya bwo kubungabunga amahoro. »
Amerika yagaragaje ubushake buke mu gutabara u Rwanda muri Jenoside
Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, iminsi itandatu indege ya Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana ihanuwe, abatutsi barimo kwicwa hirya ni hino mu gihugu, Madeleine K. Albright yohereje ubutumwa mu bunyamabanga bwa Leta ya Minisiteri, avuga ko hari uburyo bwo kugabanya ingabo zari mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu Rwanda (MINUAR).
Ibyo ngo byoroshywaga n’uko Ikibuga cy’Indege cya Kigali cyari kigicunzwe n’abasirikare b’u Bufaransa n’u Bubiligi.
Yavugaga ko hasigara gusa abantu bake – icyo yise ’skeletal staff’ – bazafasha mu kumvikana ku guhagarika intambara n’mishyikirano ya politiki mu gihe kiri imbere.
Ku wa 21 Mata, nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe gusa muri Kigali hari hamaze kwicwa abantu basaga 10.000, bihumira ku mirari ubwo Akanama gashinzwe umutekano katoraga kugabanya ingabo za MINUAR, hagasigara abasirikare 270 bavuye ku 2100.
Tom Blanton wari Umuyobozi wa National Security Archive muri George Washington University yahamije ko « Gucyura ingabo zari mu butumwa mu Rwanda byari uguha rugari jenoside. »
Ibyo byose byashobotse nyuma y’uko ku wa 14 Mata, u Bubiligi bwari bumaze gutangaza ko bugiye gucyura abasirikare babwo bari mu Rwanda.
Icyo gihe Amerika yahise izamura amajwi isaba isozwa ry’ubu butumwa, cyane ko Abasirikare bamwe b’Ababiligi barindaga Minisitiri w’Intebe Uwilingiyimana Agatha bari bamaze kwicwa.
Habaye impaka mu kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano, harebwa niba Ingabo ziri mu Rwanda zongerwa kugira ngo zibashe urinda abasivili, niba zicyurwa zose cyangwa zikahaguma nk’indorerezi.
Inyandiko zigaragaza ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bwongereza byatoye amahitamo ya gatatu.
Bigaragara ko uwari Ambasaderi w’u Bwongereza, Sir David Hannay, yavuze ko yumva amahitamo ajyanye no gutabara abasivili.
Gusa ati « n’Ingabo nyinshi ndetse zifite ibikoresho biruseho za MINUAR zabona ko ubwo ari ubutumwa bugoye gusohoza. »
Ubwo butumwa bunagaragaza uburyo ibihugu bimwe bya Afurika byinubiye uburyo Uburengerazuba bw’Isi butarimo gutabara u Rwanda.
Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994, Ibrahim Gambari wari Ambasaderi wa Nigeria mu Muryango w’Abibumbye wari unayoboye Akanama gashinzwe umutekano, yavuze ko bakwiye kugira icyo bakora hakiri kare, bitabaye ibyo bakaziba « amenyo y’abasetsi. »
Albright yaje kuvuga ko atibuka ubutumwa bwasabaga ko ziriya ngabo zivanwa mu Rwanda.
Ariko ngo White House n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko byumvaga bidashaka kugira uruhare mu byaberaga mu Rwanda, nyuma y’ibyo Amerika yari imaze kubonera muri Somalia ubwo indege ebyiri za kajugujugu zo mu bwoko bwa Black Hawk zahanurwaga, igikorwa cyahitanye abanyamerika 18.
Icyo gihe imirambo y’abo basirikare yakurubanwe mu mihannda y’umurwa mukuru Mogadishu.
Kugira ngo Amerika ishyigikire ko abasirikare boherezwa mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu Rwanda, yabitewe n’ubwumvikane yagiranye n’u Burafaransa ko ingabo zabwo zizaguma muri muri Somalia.
Yaje kwicuza
Nyuma Perezida Clinton yaje kuvuga ko kuba igihugu cye kitaratabaye u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside, ari kimwe mu bintu ubutegetsi bwe bwicuza.
Albright yaje kubazwa n’abanyamakuru, icyo abona iyo asubije amaso inyuma akareba ibikorwa bye nk’uwari Ambasaderi wa Perezida Bill Clinton mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, ubwo jenoside yabaga.
Yaje gusubiza ati « Perezida Clinton yakomeje kubisubiramo ko kunanirwa kugira icyo dukora mu Rwanda ari ryo kosa rikomeye muri politiki ryakoze ku butegetsi bwe. »
Yakomeje ati « Bijyanye n’ibibazo byari muri Somalia, Bosnia na Haiti, u Rwanda ntirwazaga imbere ku murongo w’ibyigwa ».
Ikindi ngo amakuru avuga ku Rwanda yagezwaga ku kanama gashinzwe umutekano yari make nubwo bigoye kubyemeza urebye ibihugu biba bikagize n’amakuru bikusanya.
Mu gitabo yanditse mu 2003 yise « Madam Secretary, » Albright yanditsemo ati « Ikintu gikomeye nicuza mu myaka namaze mu kazi ka leta ni uburyo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga bananiwe kugira icyo bakora hakiri kare ngo bahagarike ibi byaha. »
Ni ukwicuza yakomeje gusubiramo mu magambo na nyuma yaho.
Gusa yaje kuvuga ko ibyo yakoraga yakurikizaga amabwiriza. Ati « Nari ambasaderi uhabwa amabwiriza, ntabwo nari umunyamabanga wa Leta. »
Nk’umuyamabanga wa Leta, Madeleine K. Albright yagiriye uruzinduko mu Rwanda ku wa 11 Ukuboza 1997, agirana ibiganiro na Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu na Visi Perezida Paul Kagame, ashima umurongo igihugu cyari kimaze guhabwa nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside. https://www.youtube.com/embed/t3z8aVVhgdI 
Perezida Clinton yahuye n’Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Boutros Boutros-Ghali (ibumoso) mu 1994, ngo baganire ku bibazo bya Haiti n’u Rwanda. Mu bari muri iyo nama harimo Umujyanama wa Amerika kuri Haiti William Gray; Ambasaderi wa Amerika mu Umuryango w’Abibumbye Madeleine Albright; na Visi Perezida wa Amerika, Al Gore / The White House 
Madeleine K. Albright ubwo yahuriraga na Perezida Kagame i Istanbul mu 2012
