Interuro

Iyi nyandiko nayanditse kubera ko nakoraga ubushakashatsi ku mateka y’uRwanda n’ibindi bihugu bita ibyo mu biyaga bigari,mu bihe bya mbere y’ingoma Nyiginya.Aho rero byabaye ngombwa gusesengura no gusobanura mu magambo macye ukuntu abo borozi baje kuvanga n’abasuhuke ba Bantu,bagaturana,bakabana ndetse nyuma bakanabatiza cyangwase bakabategeka kuvuga indimi zabo bavanye muri Kameruni. Ibyo bihugu byari bituwemo n’aborozi bazwi ko bari bahari nko mu myaka 1,000 mbere ya Yezu,nko hirrya y’imyaka 3,000 ishize,borora inka,bahinga amasaka,uburo n’imboga zindi nk’isogi,nyuma ndetse baje kumenya no gucura ibyoma bikoze neza cyane,bikaba ndetse bishoboka ko aribo bambere muri Afrika batangiye uwo mwuga wo gucura ibyuma.

Mu myaka 2,000 ishize rero nibwo ubwoko bwitwa Bantu ngo bwakomokaga muri Kameruni bwahageze no mu bindi bice byose byo hasi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, kuva muri Kameruni kugeza muri Afrika y’epfo.Abo bantu baje batyo gusa nta kintu na kimwe bagiraga.Nta matungo,nta bihingwa, nta bikoresho bagiraga.Ku byerekeye amatungo,hano icyo tugomba kuzirikana,nuko nta matungo akomoka muri Afrika uretse inka ikomaka mu Misiri.Ku bihingwa ntabyo abo basuhuke bagiraga uretse ngo ibikoro n’imyungu.Abo bantu rero baje batyo nuko bageze mu bihugu bimwe nko mu Rwanda n’ibindi bihereranye,bavanaho indimi bavugaga,bategeka abo borzoi bahasanze kuvuga indimi za “Bantu,” izo bari basanganywe barazireka, sijye wahera!!

Ibi bintu rero mu byukuri nta shingiro bifite,kandi n’ikimenyimenyi nuko abahanga benshi muri izi nyigisho ubwabo badahuza ngo bafate icyemezo kimwe mu gusobanura iyo ntekerezo ya ba “Bantu.”

UBWOKO BWA BANTU

Mu mateka y’Afrika nkuko abazungu bayakwije mu bitabo byose bihaye kwandika kuri Afrika,Abanyafrika bose babagabanijemo ibice bya ba Bantu,Nilote,Hamite,Bushmen (iri jambo ryo gutukana gusa,risobanura abantu bo mu bihuru) na Cushites.Ba Bantu ni abatuye mu gice kinini kiri munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, gikubiyemo ibihugu bya Cameroun,Republika ya Afrika yo hagati,Congo zombi,Kenya,Uganda,Rwanda,Burundi,Tanzaniya,Zambiya,Mozambique,Angola,Botswana,Zimbabwe,Namibiya na Afrika y’epfo.

Kuri iki gice icyo twibandaho ni kuri abo bantu abazungu bahimbye ba « Bantu » batuye muri ibyo bihugu byose,bavuga indimi zirenga 500.Kubita batyo ngo ni uko bose bafite iryo jambo « bantu »   mu ndimi zabo,ariko nyinshi muri zo ntabwo barigira hamwe n’ayandi menshi basangiye,yerekana ko ngo bose bakomoka ku muntu umwe.Uwo Mukurambere ngo ubyara ba Bantu bose,yari atuye mu gice kiri hagati ya Cameruni na Nijeriya kandi ngo havumbuwe n’umuntu witwa Joseph Greenberg,uri mu bahanga mu ndimi. Nyamara undi muhanga cyane muri izo ndimi wanatangiye ubwo bushakashatsi bw’indimi za Bantu witwa Malcolm Guthrie,ahakana ko uwo mukurambere ubyara ba Bantu atari atuye muri ibyo bice,we akibwira ko yari atuye muri za Katanga yo muri Kongo.

Kwita abo bantu bose ba « Bantu » nubwo atari igitutsi, mu byukuri ni ikinyabupfura gike kuko nta gihugu na kimwe cyangwase ubwoko na bumwe umuzungu yasanze muri Afrika bwitwa Bantu.Ba Bushmen (Abantu bo mu bihuru) bo mu bice bya Afrika yo hepfo nabyo ni ibitutsi gusa,kuko nta mhamvu yo kwita abantu batyo! Abiswe ba Nilotes,ni abantu batuye mu bihugu bya Sudani,Uganda na Kenya,bakaba rero ngo baritiriwe uruzi rwa Niri.Abiswe ba hamite nkuko turibusobanure ytwigiye imbere,ni aborozi bo mu bice bya Rwanda,Burundi Congo Uganda na Tanzania n’ibindi.

Ayo mazina yose ni ayavuye ku rugomo rwa kizungu gusa,umuzungu ahimba abantu amazina yose ashatse ngo abereke ko yabakolonije akabita icyo ashatse kuko batari gushobora kugira icyo babikoraho.Muri ayo rero irya « Hamite » ryari rikabije cyane, kuburyo aho Abanyafrika bamwe batangiriye kugera mu mashuri bashoboye kuryamagana, buhoro buhoro abazungu bemera kurireka.Abanyafrika bahimbwe ba « Bantu » bo rero,ntabwo bigeze bagerageza kwamagana no kugerageza guhindura iryo zina abazungu babahimbye,ahubwo ndetse benshi muri bo batanazi n’icyo iryo jambo « Bantu » rivuze bararyishimiye barisamira hejuru,kuko bisa naho nta bwoko bari basanganywe,umuzungu abaha « indangabwoko/indangamuntu /‘identite’ » nshya batagiraga,bahinduka abasangwataka « majorite » ngo kuko umuzungu yabivuze. Aha twatanga n’urugero kuri Kayibanda,kubera ko se yari umunyekongo ngo w’umutetela,akaba atari gushobora kuba umunyarwanda nyawe kuko atari gufata ubwoko bwa Nyina. Ubwo rero we indangabwoko ya Bantu yamugiriye akamaro cyane, arayikomeza ayiseseka mu Rwanda, ku ngoma ye akajya ayikangisha anayicisha Abatutsi kuko ngo batari ba Bantu.Ibyo ni nabyo byatumye burya Ababirigi ariwe batoranya gusigara ku ngoma y’uRwanda,kuko kutaba Umunyarwanda nyawe byatumye arushaho gukabya urwango yari afitiye Abatutsi. Guhimba abantu izina nka « bantu » ni kimwe no kwita Abazungu b’iBuraya bw’iBurengerazuba izina « Homo », kandi sinzi ko baryishimira nubwo rivuga « Umuntu » mu ndimi zaho nyinshi.

UBUSHAKASHATSI MU NDIMI ZA BANTU

Ubwo bugenzuzi bwerekeye indimi za Bantu bwatangiwe n’umwongereza witwaga Malcolm Guthrie,wari Missionaire muri Zambiya,nyuma aba umwarimu wigishaga mu ishuri rikuru rya School of African and Oriental Studies mu Bwongereza,aho na Alexis Kagame yigiye.Uwo muntu yakoranije amagambo ibihumbi makumyabiri yavanye muri izo ndimi zose za Bantu,hakaba rero ntwavuga ko atazikozemo ubushakashatsi buhagije.Uretse no kwiga izo ndimi nyine, ikindi cy’ingezi kiri muri ubwo bugenzuzi,ni ukwiga ukuntu abantu bavuga izo ndimi basuhukiye muri ibyo bihugu byose,aho baciye, igihe iryo suhuka ryatangiriye n’icyariteye.Kuva ubwo rero hari abandi bazungu bahagurukiye gukora ubwo bugenzuzi,ariko ntabwo bose bigeze bahuza,kuko buri wese yashakaga ko igitekerezo cye kiba aricyo cyemerwa,bituma rero badashaka gufatanya.Nkubwo usanga umwe afite igitekerezo cye ku ngingo imwe undi akagira icye bikaba kugeza ubu ari urujijo kuko nabo ubwabo batumvikana.

Bimwe mu bibazo by’ingutu byakomeje kubangamira abo bazungu bihaye kwandika kuri izo ndimi n’abazivuga,uretse ko batazizi,ahanini ni uko ubu bugenzuzi bushingiye ku migani gusa,kuko nta cyemezo nyacyo kiriho gifite ibihamya simusiga byemeza ko uwo mukurambere ubyara ba Bantu bose yari atuye muri Kameruni koko.Nta nyandiko ziriho zibihamya,nta migani ya giturage ibihamya,nta bugenzuzi bundi bwakozwe ngo bwerekane amatongo y’uwo mukurambere,nta byemezo by’amaraso y’umurage (genetic evidence) nta n’umuco ba Bantu bose basangiye ubaranga,ngo byemeze mu buryo butagishwa imhaka, ko bose bavuye muri Kameruni koko.

Birumvikana nyine ko iyo  abo bantu baza kuba barakomotse ku muntu umwe wababyaye bose,ubugenzuzi bwa « Genetique » bwerekeranye n’amaraso y’umurage bwari kwemeza ko amaraso ya ba Bantu yose ahuje.Ibyo rero kugeza ubu byarananiranye. Bumwe muri ubwo bushakashatsi bwakozwe,basanze ngo amaraso y’abagabo n’ay’abagore adahuje,nuko rero bamwe bakavuga ko ibyo byatewe nuko ngo igihe ba Bantu basuhukaga,abagabo n’abagore basuhutse ukwabo bituma amaraso yabo atandukana ! Abandi ngo imhamvu ayo maraso y’abagabo n’abagore adahwanye nuko ngo ba Bantu bambere babanje gusuhuka,birongoreraga abagore b’imhunyu « Pygmees, » kuko ngo aribo babyaraga cyane,kandi ngo nta nkwano bagombaga gutanga !!

Mu ndimi z’iBuraya ho byari byoroheye Abazungu kuziga no kuzigabanya mu byiciro byazo,kuko uretse nyine ko ari izabo kavukire,hari n’izindi zaho za cyera cyane zimwe ndetse zapfuye zitakivugwayo ariko bizwi neza ko zariho,zikaba rero arizo abahanga mu ndimi bitabaza mu kwiga no gutegura imyanya n’ibyiciro indimi zishyirwamo mu mateka y’ibihugu.Muri izo ndimi hariho nk’urwo bita Sanskrit rw’iBuhinde,bavuga ko ari rumwe mu ndimi za cyera cyane zaje gushamikirwaho n’izindi ziremye icyiciro kinini cya « Indo-European languages (indimi za Aziya n’uBuraya). » Izindi nk’ikilatini cyapfuye ingoma y’abaroma ihangutse mu wa 500 nyuma ya Yezu,nyuma mu ivu ryacyo havutsemo ishami ry’ indimi bise « romance/latine » zirimo igifransa.Ikindi bita « Celtic » ni ikirimi cyavugwaga n’abantu bari batuye mu Buraya mbere ya Yezu, nyuma Abaroma barabatsemba,abasigaye bahungira mu birwa by’iBwongereza bya Wales na Irlande.Ikindi kirimi gikuru iBuraya ni ikidage cyavugwaga mbere ya Yezu,kikanaba aricyo umuryango umwe w’indimi z’iBuraya bita Germanique urimo icyongereza n’ikidage zishingiyeho. Mu ndimi za Bantu rero ho  nta rurimi nk’urwo dufite umuntu yaheraho ngo arugereranishe ashakishe aho izi ndimi za Bantu zikomoka. Iyo ntekerezo y’isuhuka rya Bantu rero bigomba kumenyekana kandi bikemerwa ko ishingiye ku kugenekereza gusa,kuko nta cyemezo nyacyo ishingiyeho kiyishyigikiye.   

Isuhuka rya ba Bantu ubu batuye mu bice byo muri Afrika hepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bavuga indimi zirimo Ikinyarwanda,ryakomeje kuzana ibibazo mu mhuguke no mu bandi bantu bajijutse,benshi ndetse bakavuga ku mugaragaro ko ritabayeho, ahubwo rikaba imigani y’imihimbano ya kizungu gusa.Ibyo aribyo byose ariko,amasuhuka mu bice by’isi yose yabayeho kandi azakomeza kubaho, icyo bahinyuza aha gusa kikaba iryo suhuka ngo rya ba Bantu bava muri Kameruni ku Mukurambere umwe wababyaye bose,kandi ngo wavugaga ururimi Abazungu bahimbye Proto-Bantu, indimi za bantu zose ngo zikomokaho.

Ibyo gusuhuka byo ntawabihakana, kuko abantu bahora basuhuka kubera intambara,inzara,amapfa,imiryango itumvikana,ingoma nshyashya zimikwaga zigasagarira abaturage bamwe bikaba ngombwa kwimuka,n’aho ibihingwa byinshi bivuye muri Amerika bimariye gusesekara muri Afrika,abantu benshi barasuhutse ngo babone aho bicara bahinge bisesure. Aha urugero twatanga ni ku basuhuke bo muri Kenya,Uganda na Tanzaniya batuye ubu ku nkengero z’ingezi ya Victoriya Nyanza bavuga ko bahasuhukiye nko mu myaka 150 ishize.Aho birazwi neza ko ayo masuhuka yateye intambara hagati y’abahinzi bahasuhukiraga n’aborozi bari bahasanzwe barwanira ubutaka.Zimwe muri izo ntambara zari hagati y’aborozi b’Abamasayi,Abanandi,Abakipsigis,Abakalenjin,Abagalla n’Abanyasomaliya  n’Abaluo barwanaga n’abahinzi b’Abagisii,Abaluyia,Abagikuyu,Abakamba n’abandi.Izo ntambara ndetse bavuga ko zari zikirwanwa igihe Abongereza bakolonizaga ibyo bihugu zikabafasha kuhakoloniza bitabagoye,kuko Abongereza bafatanije n’Abagikuyu n’andi moko amwe kurwanya Abamasayi n abandi borozi.

Ikindi cy’ingenzi twigira kuri ayo masuhuko yo muri ibyo bihugu,ni uko kubera kuvangavanga ayo moko ari ay’abahinzi cyangwase ay’aborozi,byateye indima bavugaga gukomeza guhinduka,zitandukana n’izavugwaga aho bakomotse.Ibi kandi ntibyabaye muri ibi bihugu gusa,ahubwo mu bice byose bya ba Bantu uko niko indimi zaho zakomeje gutandukana,uko abantu bakomezaga gutagarana bitewe n’ayo masuhuko.Icyitegererezo cyoroshye kuri ibyo kandi ni nko kuri ba Banyarwanda bita “Abanyamurenge,” basuhukiye muri Congo ku ngoma ya Gahindiro (sinibuka neza),ariko ubu ikinyarwanda bavuga gitandukanye n’ikivugwa mu Rwanda.

Muri iki gihe rero, kuko hari ubushakahatsi bwakozwe n’imhuguke zimwe zirimo n’iz’Abanyafrika bazi izi ndimi neza kandi bamwe muri bo ari izabo kavukire,batangiye guhakana ko iryo suhuka ritabayeho. Iryo suhuka nanjye ntabwo ndyemera.Umuflama witwa Jan Vansina wanditse cyane ku Rwanda,nawe iryo suhuka ntaryemera,we akavuga ko isano riri hagati y’indimi za Bantu ryatewe n’ibyo agereranya no kujugunya ibuye mu kidendezi rikazanamo umuvumba,ariko akagira ingeso mbi yo kudatanga ubusobanuro buhagije mu nyandiko ze zose ashaka ko icyo yanditse cyose cyemerwe nkaho ari Gatigisimu. Kubera rero ko azi gukoresha ikaramu neza cyane rero,nta wigeze atinyuka kumunyomoza.Nk’ubwo ntasobanura uwajugunye ibuye muri icyo kidendezi.

INDIMI ZO MU GASHAMI KA BANTU

Abazobereye mu ndimi zikoreshwa mw’isi yose,ubu bariho barigisha ko ngo izo ndimi  zose kubera ko ngo zihwanye cyane, ni icyemezo cyemeza ko abazikoresha ari bashyashya,bakaba ngo baragwijijwe n’ingoma ya gikirisitu n’iya gikoloni zirata ko zabazaniye ibijumba,imyumbati n’ibirayi bivuye hakurya y’inyanja. Ubwo izo ndimi zose 493 abazungu bazikubiye mu cyiciro kimwe gusa,naho iBuraya bagafata nkeya zo mu karere kamwe bakaziha icyazo zihariye, babigiriye gusa kugira ngo umuzungu yihe imyanya myiza mu mateka y’isi.

Izo ndimi za kizungu zose,abazizi bazi neza ko isano riri hagati y’igifransa n’igitariyani, icyongereza n’igihispanyori ari kimwe n’iriboneka hagati y’ikinyarwanda,ikirundi,ikinyankore amangara. Ubugenzuzi bworoshye cyane umuntu wese ushize ubute yakora ku byerekeye izo ndimi,ni nko gufata ku rupapuro rwa dictionnaire y’igifransa n’icyongereza akareba amagambo afitanye isano muri izo ndimi zombi,noneho akabigereranya no muri dictionnaires z’izi ndimi zacu.Ibyo ubigerageje wasanga ko muri buri magambo 35 45 kw’ijana (35% 45%) mu cyongereza no mu gifransa bihwanye,naho mu kinyarwanda no mu giswahiri,amagambo 25 35 kw’ijana (25% 35%) nayo agahwana.Mu zindi ndimi nk’igisetswana cyo muri Botswana,ho usanga amagambo gihuje no mu Kinyarwanda atarenga 3% !!

Ibiramambu rero,nuko burya ngo igifransa n’icyongereza bikomoka mu miryango ibiri itandukanye,naho ikinyarwanda n’igiswahiri bikava mu muryango umwe.Igifransa cyavuye mu kiratini,icyongereza kiva mu kidage,naho indimi za Bantu ngo zavuye mu rurimi rumwe sekuruza wabo wari utuye muri Kameruni yavugaga.

Ntibyunvikanye rero ukuntu indimi ebyiri zo mu muryango umwe zatandukana kurusha ebyiri za kizungu zikomoka mu miryango ibiri itandukanye.Aho rero Umuzungu yihutira gushaka ubusobanuro muri ayo mayobera, kuko adakunda kuvuguruzwa kuko ubumenyi bw’isi yose yabwihariye.Ubwo nyine umuzungu aragerageza kutuyobya ashaka ko ururimi rwe n’ishyanga rye byamenyekana ko ari bikuru cyane kurusha iby’umwirabura.Ibyo kandi ni ibintu twese tugomba kuzirikana,kuko mu mateka y’isi yose nkuko tuyasoma mu bitabo umuzungu yihaye kwandika no kwigira umuvugizi w’isi yose,ahora ashaka kwishyira hejuru no mu myanya myiza kurusha ayandi mahanga,ugasanga ishyanga rye ariryo rikuru kandi rivugwa neza kurusha ayandi.

Aho rero umuzungu yihutira gutanga ibyemezo bishyigikira intekerezo ze zose,kugirango byemerwe nkaho ari ukuri nyakwo.Nkubwo abazobereye mu ndimi bavuga ko imhamvu igifransa n’icyongereza,indimi ebyiri zo miryango itandukanye zahuza amagambo kurusha ebyiri za Bantu ziri mu gashami kamwe,nuko ngo rimwe umwami w’umufransa yateye uBwongereza akabukoloniza,noneho icyongereza kikinjiramwo amagambo y’igifransa.Ibyo birumvikana nyine,kandi birasobanura mu buryo buhagije uko amagambo y’igifransa yinjiye mu cyongereza,ariko ntibisobanura ukuntu indimi zihuje amagambo angana atyo zashyizwe mu miryango ibiri itandukanye.Ibi na Kagame yabyanditseho agaya abo Bazungu babyanditse,avuga ko babyanditse mu buryo bwagenewe gushyigikira iyo ntekerezo yabo,ko ngo indimi za Bantu zose zavuye kuri rumwe umukurambere wababyaye bose yavugaga.

Aha rero turabona ko abo bazungu biga indimi za Bantu bibagiwe gukoresha ubwo buryo ngo basobanure imhamvu ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi cyangwase ikigande n’ikinyoro bihwanye cyane.Nk’ubwo usubiye mu mateka y’ibyo bihugu usanga ko intumwa z’uRwanda zakolonije uBurundi iza Bunyoro nazo zigakoloniza uBugande,bikaba bisobanura ukuntu indimi nyinshi za Bantu zakomeje gutiririkanya,gusangira no guhuza amagambo zisangiye.Imhamvu imwe gusa ituma abazungu bashyira icyongereza n’igifransa mu miryango ibiri itandukanye,ni uko aribo bandika ibitabo,bakaba rero bakunda kwishyira mu myanya myiza,abandi bakabajugunya aho bashatse kuko baba bazi ko ntawuzatinyuka kubanyomoza.

Ikindi kibazo cy’ingutu abazobereye mu ndimi za Bantu bananiwe gusubiza ni ku byerekeye ibice bimwe bya ba Bantu byiganjwemo cyane n’aborozi batari ba Bantu.Aho ni nko mu Rwanda,Burundi Nkore,Bunyoro/Toro, Karagwe n’ibindi bice bya Congo,Kenya,Uganda na Tanzaniya.Bamwe muri abo borozi ni aba cyera cyane bari bahatuye kuva mu myaka ya mbere ya Yezu,kuko inka zari zihari icyo gihe.Ikintu gitangaje rero kandi kitumvikana,ni uko bamwe muri abo borozi baje kuvangavanga n’abasuhuke ba Bantu bavuye muri Kameruni,bigatuma ururimi kavukire rw’abo borozi ruhinduka cyangwase barureka burundu ngo bagafata urw’abo basuhuke ba Bantu.Ibyo byabaye mu Rwanda,Burundi,Nkore,Toro/Bunyoro,na Karagwe n’ibindi bice.Mu borozi bandi ho,ba Bantu baraje bafata amasambu baratura,ariko ntabwo bigeze begerana n’abo borozi hahasanze,bagumana indimi zabo zitandukanye,bagumana imipaka yabo,imico yabo, n’imana zabo babana batyo ariko ntacyo basangiye.Ntabwo byumvikanye nanone rero ukuntu igice kimwe cy’aborozi cyemeye kwakira no kwivanga n’abasuhuke ba Bantu,ikindi kikanga kubegera kumara iyo myaka yose.

Mu muderi (igishushanyo/graphic) wakozwe na bamwe mu mhuguke zikora ubushakashatsi ku ndimi za Bantu,bafashe indimi zose za Bantu bazigereranya bakurikije amagambo ngo zatiririkanije,bahereye muri Kameruni kugeza mu Bazulu bo kwa Mandela ngo berekane urukuru kurusha izindi.Kuri urwo rwego bahereye muri Kameruni barangiriza muri afrika y’epfo.Aho bibeshya rero ni uko uramutse ukoresheje uwo muderi ushingiye ku magambo indimi zatirirkanije mu ndimi z’iBuraya,byaba ngombwa gushyira icyongereza hamwe n’igifransa mu ishami rimwe,kuko izo ndimi zisangiye amagambo menshi cyane.Ubigize utyo rero waba ushyomye,kuko icyongereza n’igifransa biri mu miryango ibiri itandukanye,tukaba rero twibwira ko Abazungu biga indimi za Bantu bakosheje batyo,kubera kutita ku mateka y’Afrika.

UMUCO WA BA BANTU

Ikindi gikomeza kubangamira abo bahanga bagihanyanyaza bagerageza gusobanura ayo mayobera y’isihuka rya ba Bantu,ni ku muco karande wabo mu bice byose basuhukiyemo utandukanye cyane.Bwambere ni ku biribwa byinshi biboneka mu turere twa Bantu bikagira amazina atandukanye,kandi bose barabirazwe na sekuruza wabo wari utuye muri Kameruni.Icyakora kuri iyi ngingo ntawuzi neza ibyo yabaraze,bikaba wenda ariyo mhamvu abo basuhuke babisanze aho basuhukiye,babyita amazina atandukanye.

Ibihingwa bimwe bakunda gutangaho urugero ni ibikoro,ngobibwira ko byari ibihingwa kavukire muri ba Bantu bambere.Icyo abo Bazungu batazi rero,nuko guhinga ibikoro bigoye cyane,bikaba bikenera ubutaka bworoshye kandi burumbuka.Uretse n’ibyo kandi,Igikoro kugirangokizaribwe kimara nibura amezi 6-8,hakaba rero ntamuntu washobora kwibeshaho atunzwe n’ibikoro gusa.Ibitoke byo biroroshye kuko ubitera rimwe ahasigaye bikimeza,ariko byo byageze muri Afrilka ejobundi usibye ejo, mumyaka 600 ishize.Abandi nanone bavuga ko ibikoro byavuye hakurya y’inyanja ariko izomhaka zabuze gica,kuberako burya igikoro kitagira imbuto ngo abahangamubugenzuzi bw’ibimera (botanistes) bashobore kuzipima bamenye aho zikomoka.

Igikabije kurushaho ariko ku muco karande wabo,ni ku byerekeye Imana baramya zitandukanye cyane,kandi n’imihango n’imiziririzo igendana n’izo mana zabo iratandukanye cyane kandi aba bazungu batubeshya ko ba Bantu bose ari bene mugabo umwe.Abantu bose ku isi mu muco wabo bakundaga imana zabo kandi baziramyaga banaziterekerera bagendera ku mihango n’imiziririzo babwirijwe na ba sekuruza babo.Ibiramambu rero,ni uko muri ba Bantu bose,usanga buri gace kose,kifitiye imana zako,n’imihango n’imiziririzo yako bwite kadasangiye n’andi mahanga ya Bantu.Ntabwo byari gushoboka, ko abantu bakomoka hamwe basangiye umukurambere umwe ubabyara bose,bari kugera mu masuhukiro yabo mashyashya noneho bakiyemeza kureka imana y’umukurambere wabo bakishyiriraho izabo nsyashya.Mu bice bya Congo zombi,Cameruni na Gabon hahandi umukurambere ubyara ba Bantu bose yari atuye, baramya imana yitwa Nzambe,bikaba bishoboka ko iyo yaba ari imana sekuruza wa ba Bantu yaramyaga.
Mu bugenzuzi bwakoze na Kagame,yasanze ko ba Bantu bose baramya imana zirenga 23,kandi dore ngizi n’ibihgu byazo.

1.Nzambe         (Cameruni,Zaire,Congo,Gabon).
2. Kalunga        (Zaire,Angola,Namibiya).
3.Leza               (Zambia,Zaire,Angola).
4.Mwari            (Mozambique).
5.Imana             (Rwanda,Burundi,Tanzaniya,Congo),
6.Mungu            (Tanzaniya,Kenya,Malawi,Mozambique).
7.Modimo          (Zambia,Lesotho,Africa y’epfo).
8.Chikwembu    (Mozambique).
9.Mvidi Mukulu (Congo).
10.Unkulunkulu (Afrika y’epfo).
11.Suku              (Angola).
12.Ruhanga        (Uganda,Congo).
13.Njakomba      (Republika y’Afrika yo hagati).
14.Iliyuba            (Cameruni,Kenya,Tanzania).
15.Inkulukumba  (Mozambique).
16.Kalanga          (Congo).
17.Mbumbi          (Congo).
18.Nguluwi          (Tanzania).
19. Gatonda          (iBugande)

Mu Rwanda imana yaho abazungu batari baza yari Imana y’iRwanda abantu bose baramyaga.Iyo Mana rero yari izwi n’iBurundi no mu bwoko bw’Abaluba muri Congo,ariko ntibisobanutse neza ukuntu Abaluba bo muri Congo baje kuramya Imana y’iRwanda.Indi mana abantu bamwe baramyaga muri Kenya,Tanzania na Kameruni ni iyitwaga “Iliyuba” (izuba),bikaba rero bidatangaje kubona muri Afrika naho hari abantu baramyaga ibigirwamana nk’izuba nkuko byari bimeze mu bihugu bikonja iBuraya no muri Aziya.Muri Afrika y’epfo baramya imana yitwa Mudimo/Muzimu/Molimo,ikaba nyine wa muzimu w’iRwanda.Umva nawe rero muri ba Bantu,aho hamwe bamwita umuzimu ahandi bamwita imana!     

Mu byukuri izi ndimi za Bantu ntaho zihuriye,kuko twebwe abazivuga tuzi neza ko zitandukanye cyane n’izihuje zisangiye amagambo amwe amwe,byatewe nuko bari baturanye cyangwase bakomoka hamwe. Ku Bazungu batazizi bakaba bataranigeze kuzitaho ngo bazige bazimenye uretse bake,abandi bazi ko ngo Abanyafrika bose basa,bakavuga kimwe,kandi bose bakaba bamwe.Kugirango ibi bisobanuke neza,hano twashyizeho ingingo 3 zanditswe mu Lingala ryo muri Kongo,mu Kindebele no mu Gishona byo muri Zimbabwe,ngo twerekane ukuntu izi ndimi zitandukanye cyane.Ubusanzwe indimi ziri mu cyiciro (ishami/branche) kimwe ni iziba zifitanye isano bihagije, ku buryo zishobora kumvikana nkuko igihispanyori n’ikinyaportugal cyangwase ikinyarwanda n’ikirundi byumvikana.Aha umusomyi nawe yisomere arebe ukuntu izi ndimi zitandukanye cyane,zikaba zikenewe kongera kwigwa n’imhuguke z’Abanyafrika bakazishyira mu myanya no mu byiciro bizikwiye.Uretse kwigiza nkana koko se,aha ninde Munyarwanda ushobora kumva icyo ibi bivuga abaye atarize izi ndimi?

Ikindebele (Isindebele)

Nomanje kube lokhuphumelela okukhulu okubekhona elizwemi kule iminyaka elitshumi nambiliedluleyo kwezokuthuthukisa inhalo yabesifazane emaphendleni,lokhu besatwhele umthwalo onzima.Umbiko usanda kukhitshwa ngabe Zimbabwe Women’s Bureau uthi abesifazane abangamakhulu ayithoba munwe munye ababuzwengempilo yabo bazise  ngokutwala kwabo nzima benceda izimuli zabo.   

Igishona (Ishishona)

Kana zvazvo pave nematanho akatorwa mumakore gumi nemaviri apfuura munyanya dzekusimudzira magariro nehupenyu hwemadzimai emumaruwa, madzimai aya achakatakura mutoro unorema.Mashoko akaburitswanesangano remadzimai reZimbabwe Women’s Bureau anoti madzimai vangasvike 900 vakabvunza muchirongwa chekuyedza kuongorarora magariro avo mu maruwa vakati vanogunun’una zvikuru nezvimhingamupinyi zvavakatarisana nazvo mu mabasa ekuriritira mhuri dzavo.

Ilingala (Lingala)

Tokosepelaka mingi na botangi o kasa maluli ma baninga baike, bakosenge te balendisa bolakisa kota ya Putu o kelasi ya baindo.Yango malamu mingi solo.Kasi bandeko ba biso bana bakobosanake te maluli ma pamba pamba makomonisa moto lokola mwana moke.Mwana moke azali na limpa sikawa,ekomono ye sukali,akobwaka limpa pe akolela sukali.Lolenge loko soko bakolakisa biso lingala,kiswahili,kikongo,tsiluba,toebi naino malamu te,tokoibwaka pe tokolela francais,flamand,anglais.Wana nini? Tokomenya kota ya biso te; tokoibebisa bobebisi.Na yango mindele bakolomona bo bana bake ba bilulela pe bakoseke biso.

Ikinyakyusa (Ndakuramutsa Mariya)

Nikukuponya gwe Maria
Gwe gwiswiswile ubugolofu,
Umalafyale ali na nungwe,
Uli nu lusajougwe ukabakinda abakikulu.
Bosa kangi Yesu umpapigwa ndwanda lwako,
Ali nu lusajo.
Maria gwe mwikemo,gwena gwa kyala,
Utusumirege uswe twe bonangi, lilino na
Nkabililo kwa kufwira kwitu

ABANYAKYUSA

Mu nyandiko nyinshi nasuzumye zanditswe n’abakora ubu bugenzuzi bwa Bantu,hari aho nasanze ubwoko bwitwa Abanyakyusa batuye mu bice bya Tanzaniya na Malawi.Birumvikana rero ko iryo zina risa n’amazina menshi akoreshwa mu bihugu bita ibyo mu biyaga bigari birimo Rwanda,Burundi Uganda na Tanzania.Mu Kinyakyusa nasanzemo amagambo amwe asa no mu kinyarwanda cya cyera,bikaba bishoboka rero koko,ko baba barasuhutse bavayo nko mu matangira y’ingoma nyiginya.Mu byiciro by’indimi za Bantu Guthrie yakoze,ikinyakyusa yagihaye umwanya wacyo bwite,kuko yabonaga kidahwanye n’izindi ndimi mu bice bihereranye.

Ikindi nabonye mu nyadiko zerekeye Abanyakyusa,ni uko ngo abakazana baho batsinda ba sebukwe kimwe no mu Rwanda,no bindi bihugu byegeranye.Abanyakyusa igihugu cyabo bacyita “uBunyakyusa,” ugasanga rero no mu Rwanda ariko twabwita.Ikintu gitangaza ariko,ni uko ntaho usanga muri izo nyandiko zose abo bahanga mu ndimi za Bantu ntacyo bavuga ku nkomoko y’Abanyakyusa n’isano baba bafitanye n’abantu batuye mu bice byegeranye n’uRwanda.

Abanyakyusa kandi ngo bahinga ibitoke bavanye iBugane bita “Bugande,”tukaba rero twibwira ko babivanye iBugande,kandi ngo batangiye kubihinga mu 1500,aribwo basuhukiyeyo.Bafite kandi n’ijambo mu rurimi rwabo,bita “Gwe” bikavuga “Wowe” mu kigande,bikaba ikindi cyemezo ko baba barasuhukiye muri ibyo bice bakomoka iBugande no mu bindi bice bihereranye aho iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu ndimi zaho.

Jan Vansina we wihaye kwandika cyane ku mateka y’uRwanda,ubu yarivuguruje anavuguruza benewabo avuga ko ngo iryo suhuka rya ba Bantu ritabayeho.

 

Posté par rwandaises.com