Umuhanzi w’Umunyarwanda, Gaël Faye yagarutse ku bijyanye n’uko afata bibazo biri mu mubano w’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse n’uruzinduko Umunyamabanga wa Amerika ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Antony Blinken aherutse kugirira mu bihugu byombi.
Gaël Faye ni umuhanzi umaze kubaka izina mu kuririmba, kwandika ibitabo no mu ruganda rwa sinema by’umwihariko ku Mugabane w’u Burayi cyane cyane mu Bufaransa.
Yavukiye mu Rwanda arererwa i Bujumbura mu Burundi. Yerekeje i Paris afite imyaka 13 nyuma aza gutura mu Rwanda amaze kurushinga. Ni n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo akaba ari we wanditse agatabo kakomotseho filime ‘Petit Pays’ kamuhesheje ibihembo bitandukanye mu 2016 no mu 2017.
Iyi filime ishingiye ku nkuru y’ubuzima bw’umwana wavukiye i Burundi abyarwa n’umunyarwandakazi w’impunzi n’umuzungu w’Umufaransa. Uwo mwana avuga uko yabonaga ubuzima muri icyo gihe n’ibibazo by’amoko y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.
Nyuma y’ingendo za mbere z’ibitaramo uhereye igihe Covid-19 yadukiye, Gaël Faye yagiranye ikiganiro kirambuye na Jeune Afrique agaruka ku ngingo zitandukanye zirebana n’ibibera mu Karere muri iki gihe.
Jeune Afrique: Ibibazo by’imibanire mibi hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC bikubwiye iki?
Gaël Faye: Aya makimbirane arambabaza. Ibi bintu ntibisobanutse. Nongeye kubona amakimbirane atizwa umurindi n’imbuga nkoranyambaga. Ukwiyongera k’urwango ku bavuga Ikinyarwanda batuye muri Congo, simbyakira na gato. Bintera ubwoba bikanambabaza cyane.
Mu Karere dufite ibyo duhuriyeho n’abo bihugu bidukikije, muri Congo, mu Burundi, mu Rwanda na Uganda. Twiyumva nk’abafitanye isano muri aka karere. Mfite ubwoba ko turimo dutera intambwe isubira inyuma iyo nitegereza iby’izi nzangano zongera kuzamuka ku mpamvu za politiki, umuturage usanzwe adashobora gupfa kumva. Ntibimworoheye kumenya ibibera muri Kivu kubera uburyo bigoye kubisobanura by’umwihariko hagati y’u Rwanda na Congo.
Byose byatangiye ubwo M23 yongeraga kwinjira mu makimbirane. RDC yatangiye gushinja u Rwanda gushyigikira iyi ntambara-ibintu bitari bishya.
Ndatekereza ko Félix Tshisekedi agera ku butegetsi byashobokaga gushaka inzira za dipolomasi zo gukemura ibi bibazo no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ku mpande zombi ariko ibyo turi kubona ni ikinyuranyo. Nta wushobora gusobanura inkomoko yabyo cyangwa impamvu.
Ibyo bibazo byigaragaza gute?
Kuri Facebook cyangwa Whatsapp, buri wese atangaza amashusho mu buryo bugamije kwatsa umuriro. Ibi bigarura ibyo twabonye mu myaka ya 1990: kwangwa kw’abavuga Ikinyarwanda batuye mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Ibi kandi birerekana akajagari k’Abanye-Congo, ibi ndabyumva neza.
Nta mpinduka zigaragara zirabaho uretse kuba ibibazo by’umutekano birushaho gukomera no kuba bibi, birababaje: ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, kuba inyeshyamba za FDLR zimaze igihe kirekire mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, Abanyamulenge batuye muri Congo…
Ibi byiyongeraho imicungire y’amabuye y’agaciro no gusangira uyu mugati bituma abantu benshi bashaka gufataho umugabane uhereye mu gihe cy’umwami Léopold II…
Ibyo byose byubakiye ku cyizere gike. Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, imvugo zirushaho kuremera, ibiganiro ntibihabwa umwanya. Imbwirwaruhame ni izikangurira abantu kujya mu ntambara. Nyamara ntituzabasha kubisohokamo bitanyuze mu biganiro, bitabaye ibyo tuzongera kwisanga mu bihe tuzamaramo nka kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyaka twamaze mu byo mu 1990 ubwo amagambo yuje urwango ku Batutsi yaganishaga ku guhiga abantu.
Uyu munsi inshuti z’Abanyarwanda bari bafite akamenyero ko kujya muri RDC bafite ubwoba bwo kwambuka umupaka. Mu mezi make, ibintu byasubiye inyuma. Kandi ntibitanga icyizere.
Ubwo yagiriraga uruzinduko mu Rwanda mu ntangiriro za Kanama, Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Antony Blinken yagiriye inama abayobozi b’u Rwanda ku ngingo nyinshi…
Natangajwe no kubona Abanyamerika bihindura abajandarume mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari baza kutubwira ibyo Washington idutegerejeho nk’Abanyarwanda.
Na none naguwe nabi ubwo numvaga Antony Blinken avuga ibya Paul Rusesabagina wakatiwe mu rukiko rw’ubujurire mu Rwanda, igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ahamijwe ibyaha by’iterabwoba. Yitwaje ko yabonye ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, u Rwanda rwagombaga kwisobanura kuri Washington?
Uyu mugabo nyamara yaciriwe urubanza i Kigali, urubanza rwe rwanyuzwaga kuri Youtube uko rwakabaye, ubuhamya n’ibimenyetso byaratanzwe…Kubera iki byari ngombwa ku bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba kuduha amasomo?
Nashoboye gukurira ibisubizo bya Vincent Biruta, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda. Yibukije ko ubutabera bw’igihugu cye butavogerwa kandi ko budakeneye guhabwa amasomo. Ni nde mu Burayi cyangwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika wigeze uvuga ku bagizweho ingaruka n’ibitero byagabwe n’umutwe w’iterabwoba Rusesabagina yari abereye umwe mu bayobozi?
Ikatirwa rya Laurent Bucyibaruta umwe mu Banyarwanda bakomeye waburanishijwe n’u Bufaransa ku byaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ni intsinzi y’ubutabera?
Laurent Bucyibaruta wari Perefe wa Gikongoro muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, yakatiwe imyaka 20 y’igifungo n’urukiko rwa rubanda i Paris, ku wa 12 Nyakanga. Icyakora ntiyahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside ahubwo ni ubufatanyacyaha.
Twaratunguwe mu ihuriro ry’imiryango ya sosiyete sivile ku Rwanda (CPCR), byongeye kandi yarajuriye. Bisaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo ubutabera bugerweho cyane dore ko benshi mu Banyarwanda bakurikiranyweho uruhare muri Jenoside bagezwa imbere y’ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa bashaje, bakeneye ubufasha mu by’ubuzima. Ni cyo kiri kuba kuri Felicien Kabuga ufatwa nk’umuterankunga wa Jenoside.
Kuri uwo muvuduko, ntibyoroshye ko abantu bagera kuri 30 batangiwe ibirego bazaburanishwa, bica intege cyane. Ubundi kandi bisaba igihe kinini ko inteko iburanisha y’Abafaransa isobanurirwa iby’amateka y’u Rwanda muri icyo gihe. Igihe kirageze ko kohereza mu Rwanda abava mu Bufaransa aba ari byo bikorwa.
Nyuma y’igihe kirekire cyatewe n’ibibazo bya Covid-19, wasubukuye ibikorwa mu bitaramo by’impeshyi…
Iyi mpeshyi ya 2022, yatangiranye n’izahuka ry’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi. Hari hashize umwaka ingamba za Covid-19 zitemera ko abantu bahura. Kuri iyi nshuro abahanzi bashoboye kuva mu mahanga banahura n’abantu. Nabonye ko injyana ya RAP igenda yigarurira umwanya munini mu maserukiramuco.
Ni ibihe bitabo wasomye vuba aha?
Nashimishijwe n’igitabo cy’Umunyarwanda, Dominique Celis “Ainsi pleurent nos homes” kigaruka ku makuru y’ibibera mu Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside. Kivuga kandi ku “myitwarire y’abagabo mu Rwanda”, kwibuka, sosiyete y’u Rwanda muri iki gihe, politiki z’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, kubabarira n’ibihuza Abanyarwanda…
Nashoboye kandi gusoma igitabo ‘Consolée (éd. Autrement), cya Beata Umubyeyi Mairesse. Nakuyemo ko icyo gitabo kigaruka kuri filime mbarankuru yerekeye abana b’ibibyarirane mu Karere (u Rwanda, u Burundi, RDC) bashyizwe mu bigo nyuma bakaza koherezwa mu Bubiligi.
